A nurse is providing education to a client who is pregnant and concerned about the risk of congenital heart diseases in their unborn baby. Which risk factor should the nurse mention?

A) The answer is A. Weight gain of 1 pound in a week can indicate fluid retention, which may be a sign of digoxin toxicity. The nurse should instruct the client to report this symptom immediately to prevent further complications.

B) Incorrect. A heart rate below 100 beats per minute is within the normal range for most clients. A lower heart rate is often expected in clients taking digoxin, and it does not require immediate reporting unless accompanied by other concerning symptoms.

C) Incorrect. Occasional episodes of diarrhea are common side effects of digoxin. The client should report persistent or severe diarrhea, but occasional episodes may not be a cause for immediate concern.

D) Incorrect. Mild swelling of the ankles after activity is not directly related to digoxin use. The nurse should monitor the client's ankles for any worsening swelling, but it does not require immediate reporting unless accompanied by other concerning symptoms.

The answer is A

A) Correct answer. Genetic factors and chromosomal abnormalities are among the primary causes of congenital heart diseases. These conditions often arise due to errors in heart development during fetal growth.

B) This option is incorrect. While certain environmental factors may increase the risk of congenital heart diseases, they are not the leading cause of these conditions.

C) This option is incorrect. Unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, may contribute to heart diseases in adults, but they are not the primary cause of congenital heart diseases.

D) This option is incorrect. Vaccination is important for preventing certain infections, but it is not directly related to the cause or prevention of congenital heart diseases.