A nurse is providing education to a group of nursing students about major depressive disorder (MDD). Which of the following statements accurately describes a characteristic of MDD?

MDD is more prevalent in older adults.

MDD is primarily caused by a single factor, such as genetics.

Anhedonia is a term that describes excessive sleeping.

MDD can be diagnosed if only one symptom is present.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The correct answer is choice a. MDD is more prevalent in older adults.

Choice A rationale:

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is indeed more prevalent in older adults. This demographic often faces unique stressors such as chronic illness, loss of loved ones, and social isolation, which can contribute to higher rates of depression.

Choice B rationale:

MDD is not primarily caused by a single factor. It is a complex disorder with multiple contributing factors, including genetics, brain chemistry, environmental influences, and psychological factors.

Choice C rationale:

Anhedonia refers to the loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable, not excessive sleeping. Excessive sleeping is known as hypersomnia.

Choice D rationale:

MDD cannot be diagnosed if only one symptom is present. The diagnosis requires the presence of multiple symptoms, including depressed mood or anhedonia, for at least two weeks.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Depression is not solely caused by genetic factors. While genetics do play a role in predisposing individuals to depression, it's a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental influences that contribute to the development of the disorder.

Choice B rationale:

Genetic factors are not minor players in depression. Research suggests that genetics can significantly influence a person's susceptibility to depression. However, environmental factors, such as trauma, stress, and life experiences, also contribute substantially to the onset and course of depression.

Choice C rationale:

The relationship between genetics and depression is not as straightforward as specific genes causing depression independently of environmental factors. Depression is a multifactorial disorder influenced by a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors.

Choice D rationale:

This is the correct answer. Genetic factors do contribute to an individual's vulnerability to depression. Studies of families, twins, and heritability have demonstrated a genetic component to depression. However, it's crucial to recognize that genetic predisposition interacts with environmental factors. Trauma, loss, chronic stress, and other environmental triggers can precipitate depressive episodes in genetically susceptible individuals.

A. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and other somatic therapies. B. Pharmacological interventions. C. Herbal supplements. D. Physical exercise. E. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT).

Correct Answer is ["A"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and other somatic therapies are considered main treatment options for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). ECT involves passing electric currents through the brain to induce controlled seizures, and it's often used in severe cases of depression that haven't responded to other treatments. Somatic therapies encompass a range of interventions that directly target the body, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). These treatments are supported by extensive research and clinical evidence, particularly for cases where pharmacological interventions haven't been effective or suitable.

Choice B rationale:

Pharmacological interventions are indeed a mainstay in MDD treatment. However, while they are effective for many individuals, they might not work for everyone and can have side effects. Hence, the treatment approach should be tailored to the individual's needs and preferences.

Choice C rationale:

Herbal supplements are not considered main treatment options for MDD according to established clinical guidelines. While some herbal supplements might have anecdotal support for mood enhancement, their efficacy and safety are not well-established through rigorous scientific research and clinical trials.

Choice D rationale:

Physical exercise has been shown to have a positive impact on mood and can be a beneficial adjunct to MDD treatment. However, it's typically not considered a standalone main treatment option. Rather, it's often recommended as a complementary approach alongside other evidence-based treatments.

Choice E rationale:

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a psychological approach that combines mindfulness meditation with cognitive behavioral techniques. While MBCT has shown promise in preventing relapse for individuals with recurrent depression, it's usually used as a psychotherapeutic adjunct to other main treatments like pharmacological interventions or psychotherapy.

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A nurse is providing education to a group of nursing students about major depressive disorder (MDD). Which of the following statements accurately describes a characteristic of MDD?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is wondering about the genetic factors that contribute to depression. What is the relationship between genetic factors and depression according to the text?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is educating a group of clients about the treatment approaches for MDD. Which of the following modalities are considered main treatment options for MDD according to the text? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A"]

Explanation

A nurse is providing education to a group of nursing students about major depressive disorder (MDD). Which of the following statements accurately describes a characteristic of MDD?

A nurse is explaining the role of neurotransmitters in the pathophysiology of MDD to a group of nursing students. Which neurotransmitters are mentioned in the text as being involved in regulating mood, motivation, reward, cognition, and stress response?

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(Select All That Apply): A nurse is assessing a client for major depressive disorder (MDD). Which of the following signs and symptoms are consistent with the clinical presentation of MDD? Select all that apply.