A nurse is providing instruction to a new nurse about caring for clients who are receiving diuretic therapy to treat heart failure. The nurse should explain that which of the following medications puts clients at risk for both hyperkalemia and hyponatremia?

A) Asking the client to cough while inserting the NG tube:
This action is not necessary and may not be appropriate during the insertion of an NG tube. Coughing can increase the risk of gagging and aspiration during the procedure.

B) Wearing sterile gloves to insert the NG tube:
While the nurse should maintain appropriate hand hygiene, wearing sterile gloves is not typically necessary for the insertion of an NG tube. Clean gloves are sufficient for this procedure.

C) Placing the client into a left lateral position before inserting the NG tube:
Positioning the client in a high Fowler's position (sitting upright) or semi-Fowler's position is generally preferred for NG tube insertion to facilitate tube passage into the esophagus and reduce the risk of aspiration. Placing the client in a left lateral position is not typically done for NG tube insertion.

D) Determining the length of the NG tube to be inserted prior to the procedure:
This is the correct action. Before inserting the NG tube, the nurse should measure the distance from the tip of the client's nose to the earlobe and then from the earlobe to the xiphoid process or the mark on the NG tube corresponding to the desired insertion length. This helps ensure that the tube is inserted to the appropriate depth and reaches the desired location within the gastrointestinal tract.

A. Severity
In the PQRST mnemonic for pain assessment, "S" stands for Severity. When the nurse asks the client to rate the pain on a scale of 0 to 10, they are assessing the severity of the pain. This helps the nurse understand the intensity of the client's pain experience and provides a baseline for evaluating the effectiveness of pain management interventions.

B. Precipitating cause
This component relates to factors that exacerbate or alleviate the pain and is represented by the "P" in the PQRST mnemonic. Asking about activities or events that preceded the onset of pain helps identify potential triggers or causes.

C. Region
The "R" in PQRST represents Region, referring to the specific location or area where the client experiences pain. Assessing the region helps localize the source of pain and guide further diagnostic evaluations or interventions.

D. Quality
Quality, represented by the "Q" in PQRST, refers to the characteristics or nature of the pain, such as sharp, dull, throbbing, or burning. Understanding the quality of pain provides additional information about its underlying cause and can aid in selecting appropriate treatment strategies.