A nurse is providing nutritional education to a client recently diagnosed with high cholesterol. The nurse should provide the client with which statements regarding their diet restrictions?

"Your daily intake of fats should be limited to no more than 35% of your daily caloric intake

"You should avoid trans-fat as much as possible"

"Your main sources of protein should be red meat"

"Fats provide the highest amount of energy per gram"

"Your intake of fats should be unsaturated fats"

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) "Your daily intake of fats should be limited to no more than 35% of your daily caloric intake":

Current dietary guidelines typically recommend limiting fat intake to less than 30% of total daily calories, not 35%, for optimal heart health. This recommendation is slightly higher than what is generally advised for managing high cholesterol.

B) "You should avoid trans-fat as much as possible":

Trans fats significantly increase LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) levels and decrease HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol). Avoiding trans fats is crucial in managing high cholesterol and reducing cardiovascular risk, making this the most important recommendation.

C) "Your main sources of protein should be red meat":

Red meat, particularly processed red meat, is associated with higher cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk. It is generally recommended to choose lean proteins, such as fish, poultry, and plant-based sources, over red meat.

D) "Fats provide the highest amount of energy per gram":

While fats do provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins, this statement does not directly address the management of cholesterol levels. The focus should be on the type of fats consumed rather than their energy content.

E) "Your intake of fats should be unsaturated fats":

While consuming unsaturated fats is beneficial, avoiding trans fats specifically addresses a more immediate concern for those with high cholesterol. Option B emphasizes the importance of eliminating harmful fats.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Hyperactive bowel sounds:

Hyperactive bowel sounds are more commonly associated with conditions like diarrhea or gastrointestinal obstruction. Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, typically affects muscle function rather than bowel activity directly.

B) Muscle weakness:

Muscle weakness is a key manifestation of hypokalemia. Potassium is crucial for muscle function, and a deficiency can lead to significant weakness and fatigue, which is a common symptom in individuals with low potassium levels.

C) Increased thirst:

Increased thirst is more commonly associated with dehydration or hypernatremia rather than hypokalemia. While hypokalemia can cause fluid imbalances, increased thirst is not a primary symptom of low potassium levels.

D) Cerebral edema:

Cerebral edema is not typically associated with hypokalemia. It is more commonly related to conditions such as head injury, infection, or other fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Hypokalemia primarily affects muscle function and heart rhythm.

A. Isotonic solution B. Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) C. Hypertonic solution D. Hypotonic solution

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Isotonic solution: Isotonic solutions, such as 0.9% sodium chloride, are used to maintain fluid balance and are not ideal for treating hypernatremia. They do not correct the elevated sodium levels and might even contribute to fluid overload.

B) Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN): TPN is a form of nutrition provided intravenously and is not specifically used to manage electrolyte imbalances like hypernatremia. It is used for clients who cannot eat or absorb nutrients through the gastrointestinal tract.

C) Hypertonic solution: Hypertonic solutions, such as 3% sodium chloride, are used to treat hyponatremia or other conditions requiring increased sodium concentration. They would exacerbate hypernatremia rather than treat it.

D) Hypotonic solution: Hypotonic solutions, such as 0.45% sodium chloride (half-normal saline) or dextrose 5% in water (D5W), are appropriate for treating hypernatremia. These solutions help dilute the excess sodium in the blood, reduce serum sodium levels, and facilitate a gradual correction of the imbalance.

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A nurse is providing nutritional education to a client recently diagnosed with high cholesterol. The nurse should provide the client with which statements regarding their diet restrictions?

Nursing Test Bank

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