A nurse is providing patient education for reducing the risk of coronary artery disease. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? (Select all that apply.)

Aim to keep your HDL cholesterol as low as possible

Controlling your diabetes is an important factor

Exercising and achieving your goal weight are recommended

Increase saturated fat intake and limit unsaturated fats

It is important to keep your blood pressure within normal limits

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

A) Aim to keep your HDL cholesterol as low as possible:
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is often referred to as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream, thereby reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The goal should be to raise HDL cholesterol levels, not lower them. Higher levels of HDL are associated with a lower risk of heart disease.

B) Controlling your diabetes is an important factor:
Diabetes is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Uncontrolled blood sugar levels can lead to damage of the blood vessels, increase the risk of atherosclerosis, and raise the likelihood of heart disease. Proper management of diabetes through diet, medication, and lifestyle changes is essential to reduce the risk of CAD.

C) Exercising and achieving your goal weight are recommended:
Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight are crucial for reducing the risk of coronary artery disease. Exercise helps improve cardiovascular health, lowers blood pressure, increases HDL cholesterol, and helps control body weight and blood sugar. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight reduces the strain on the heart and lowers the risk of developing CAD.

D) Increase saturated fat intake and limit unsaturated fats:
Saturated fats can raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, also known as "bad" cholesterol, which contributes to plaque buildup in the arteries and increases the risk of heart disease. Unsaturated fats, found in foods like olive oil, avocados, and fatty fish, are healthier and can help reduce cholesterol levels and improve heart health. The goal should be to limit saturated fats and increase the intake of unsaturated fats.

E) It is important to keep your blood pressure within normal limits:
High blood pressure is a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease. It can lead to the hardening and narrowing of the arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular events. Keeping blood pressure within normal limits through lifestyle changes, such as reducing salt intake, managing stress, exercising, and taking medications if needed, is essential for heart health.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Check the identifying information on the unit of blood against the patient’s ID bracelet:
This is the highest priority to ensure patient safety before beginning a transfusion. The risk of transfusion reactions, including hemolytic reactions due to mismatched blood, makes verifying patient identification critical. The nurse must match the blood product with the patient’s information and confirm that the blood product is correct for the patient. This verification is typically done with a second nurse to ensure safety. If the blood is mismatched, it can lead to severe, potentially life-threatening consequences.

B) Stay with the patient for 60 minutes after starting the transfusion:
While it is important to stay with the patient during the transfusion and monitor for adverse reactions, the highest priority before starting the transfusion is verifying patient and blood product compatibility. After starting the transfusion, staying with the patient for the first 15 minutes is critical for monitoring for early signs of a transfusion reaction, but this action occurs after the blood has been correctly matched and started.

C) Add the blood transfusion as a secondary line to the existing IV:
Ensuring proper identification and blood product matching is more critical than deciding whether to use a secondary IV line. The nurse should verify patient and blood compatibility first and then proceed with setting up the IV line for transfusion.

D) Prime new primary IV tubing with lactated Ringer's solution to use for the transfusion:
Priming IV tubing with lactated Ringer’s solution is incorrect for a blood transfusion. Blood should only be administered with normal saline, as other fluids, including lactated Ringer's solution, can cause clotting or hemolysis when mixed with blood products. This action would not be a safe or appropriate step in preparing for a blood transfusion. The correct solution to prime tubing for blood transfusions is normal saline, and this is secondary to ensuring proper patient identification and blood compatibility.

A. Though the condition can be inconvenient, there are no long-term negative effects of GERD B. You should avoid lying flat on your back for 2-3 hours after eating. C. If you use antacids they should be separated from other oral medications by several hours D. You should avoid spicy, fatty, and acidic foods as much as possible as they can trigger reflux.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Though the condition can be inconvenient, there are no long-term negative effects of GERD: This is the incorrect statement. GERD, if left untreated, can lead to significant long-term complications, such as esophagitis, strictures, Barrett's esophagus (a precancerous condition), and an increased risk of esophageal cancer. Therefore, it’s critical to manage GERD effectively to prevent these adverse outcomes.

B) You should avoid lying flat on your back for 2-3 hours after eating: advice. Lying flat after eating can increase the likelihood of reflux, as it allows stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus more easily due to gravity. Staying upright for at least 2-3 hours after meals helps prevent acid reflux.

C) If you use antacids they should be separated from other oral medications by several hours: . Antacids can interfere with the absorption of other oral medications by altering the stomach’s pH. It’s recommended to take antacids at least 1-2 hours apart from other medications to avoid reducing their effectiveness.

D) You should avoid spicy, fatty, and acidic foods as much as possible as they can trigger reflux: This is also correct. Certain foods, like spicy, fatty, and acidic items, can relax the lower esophageal sphincter and increase gastric acid production, both of which can exacerbate GERD symptoms. Avoiding or limiting these foods can help manage the condition more effectively.

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A nurse is providing patient education for reducing the risk of coronary artery disease. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Before beginning a transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs), which action by the nurse would be of highest priority to ensure patient safety?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is providing education to a client newly diagnosed gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). Which of the following would be an incorrect statement about this condition?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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The nurse is assessing a patient in the immediate post-operative phase. Which of thr following assessment findings would be most indicative of post-operative hemorrhage?

A client is receiving a blood transfusion, The nurse observes that the client is experiencing flank and lower back pain. Which of the following orders does the nurse anticipate receiving?

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