A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following treatment options should the nurse include in the teaching?

Initiate hospice care services when the client has 6 months or less to live.

Improve cognitive status with transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Control anxiety with barbiturate medications.

Delay cognitive impairment with NMDA receptor antagonist medications.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Initiating hospice care services is generally considered when the client is in the final stages of Alzheimer's disease and has a life expectancy of 6 months or less. Hospice care focuses on comfort and quality of life, rather than curative treatments. It's an option when the disease has significantly progressed, not typically at the time of initial diagnosis.

Choice B reason: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain and is being studied as a potential treatment for improving cognitive status in Alzheimer's patients. However, it is not yet a standard treatment and is considered experimental.

Choice C reason: Barbiturate medications are not typically used to control anxiety in Alzheimer's patients due to the risk of dependency and the potential to worsen cognitive impairment. Other medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are generally preferred for managing anxiety in these patients⁷.

Choice D reason: NMDA receptor antagonists, such as memantine, are medications that can help delay cognitive symptoms in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. They work by regulating the activity of glutamate, a neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory, which may be overactive in Alzheimer's disease.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Ringing in the ears is not a common side effect of lorazepam. This medication is more likely to cause drowsiness or dizziness, which could increase the risk of falls.

Choice B reason: Restraints should only be used as a last resort when all other options have been exhausted and the client is a danger to themselves or others. Lorazepam is used to reduce anxiety, not to sedate to the point where restraints would be necessary.

Choice C reason: Initiating fall precautions is a prudent nursing action after administering lorazepam, especially if given intramuscularly, as the client may experience drowsiness or dizziness, increasing the risk of falls.

Choice D reason: Repeating the dose in 15 minutes is not recommended. The effects of lorazepam should be monitored, and additional doses should be administered based on the client's response and as prescribed by the healthcare provider.

Correct Answer is ["1.4"]

Explanation

Step 1 is to identify the required dose, which is 7 mg of haloperidol.

Step 2 is to identify the concentration of the available haloperidol injection, which is 5 mg/mL.

Step 3 is to calculate the volume to be administered using the formula: Volume = Dose ÷ Concentration.

So, let's calculate:

Volume = 7 mg (Dose) ÷ 5 mg/mL (Concentration)

This gives us:

Volume = 1.4 mL

However, we need to round the answer to the nearest tenth and use a leading zero if it applies. So, the final volume to be administered is 1.4 mL. The nurse should administer 1.4 mL of haloperidol injection.

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A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following treatment options should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who just received lorazepam 1 mg IM for anxiety. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer 7 mg of haloperidol IM to a client who is severely agitated. Haloperidol injection of 5 mg/mL is available. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Correct Answer is ["1.4"]

Explanation

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