A nurse is caring for a client who is going through the grieving process. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to meet the client's spiritual needs?

Choice A reason: Denial is a defense mechanism where a person refuses to accept reality or facts, acting as if a painful event, thought, or feeling did not exist. It is considered one of the most primitive of the defense mechanisms because it is characteristic of early childhood development. In this scenario, the client does not deny the event but rather does not remember it, which does not align with the characteristics of denial.

Choice B reason: Rationalization involves explaining an unacceptable behavior or feeling in a rational or logical manner, avoiding the true reasons for the behavior. This defense mechanism is often used to justify actions or feelings that may otherwise be unacceptable. In the case of the client, there is no indication that they are trying to justify or rationalize their behavior or feelings; they simply do not recall the event.

Choice C reason: Displacement transfers emotions, ideas, or wishes from a stressful situation to a less anxiety-producing substitute. It involves taking out our frustrations, feelings, and impulses on people or objects that are less threatening. Displacement can manifest as a kick to a door after an argument with a person. Since the client's statement does not involve shifting emotional responses to another object or person, displacement is not the defense mechanism at play here.

Choice D reason: Repression is an unconscious mechanism employed by the ego to keep disturbing or threatening thoughts from becoming conscious. In the case of the client, forgetting the details of a traumatic event like a physical assault could be a form of repression, where the mind avoids the pain of recalling such events by keeping those memories out of conscious awareness. This aligns with the client's statement of not remembering the assault.

Choice A reason: Encouraging the client to internalize their feelings related to the loss is not advisable. Grief is a personal experience, and expressing emotions is a healthy part of the grieving process. Internalizing feelings can lead to unresolved grief and potential mental health issues.

Choice B reason: Changing the subject when the client expresses anger about their situation is not supportive. Anger is a natural stage of the grieving process, and it's important for the nurse to acknowledge the client's feelings and provide a safe space for them to express their emotions.

Choice C reason: Allowing the client to be alone during times of spiritual inadequacy may not be beneficial. While respecting the client's need for solitude is important, it's also crucial to offer support and presence, as isolation can exacerbate feelings of loneliness and despair.

Choice D reason: Offering to contact the client's spiritual advisor is a supportive action that can help meet the client's spiritual needs. Spiritual care is an integral part of holistic nursing care, and connecting the client with their spiritual support system can provide comfort and aid in the grieving process.