A nurse is reinforcing discharge education to a client who has hypokalemia. Which of the following suggestions should be included in the teaching plan?

Report new-onset muscle weakness

Increase consumption of apples and broccoli

Avoid salt substitutes

Report falls, due to high risk of osteoporosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Report new-onset muscle weakness: Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness, cramps, and fatigue, which are important symptoms that need to be monitored. Reporting these symptoms promptly is crucial because severe hypokalemia can lead to life-threatening complications, such as respiratory failure or cardiac arrhythmias.

B. Increase consumption of apples and broccoli: While fruits and vegetables like apples and broccoli are healthy, they are not particularly high in potassium. The client should be encouraged to consume potassium-rich foods such as bananas, oranges, potatoes, and spinach to help correct hypokalemia.

C. Avoid salt substitutes: Some salt substitutes contain potassium chloride, which can actually help increase potassium levels. However, this option might be recommended in certain conditions where potassium levels need to be carefully controlled, such as in renal failure, not in hypokalemia management.

D. Report falls, due to high risk of osteoporosis: Hypokalemia does not directly increase the risk of osteoporosis. Falls may occur due to muscle weakness, but this is not specifically related to osteoporosis. Therefore, reporting falls is not the primary concern in hypokalemia.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Encourage the client to drink more fluids: Increasing fluid intake helps thin respiratory secretions, making them easier to clear from the lungs. Hydration is crucial in managing pneumonia to help with mucus mobilization.

B. Encourage regular use of the incentive spirometer: While the incentive spirometer helps with lung expansion and preventing atelectasis, it does not directly affect the viscosity of secretions.

C. Encourage coughing and deep breathing: Coughing and deep breathing are important for clearing secretions, but they are more effective once the secretions are already thin. Drinking fluids is a more direct method to thin the secretions.

D. Encourage the client to ambulate more often: Ambulation is beneficial for overall respiratory health and lung function, but it does not directly thin respiratory secretions. Increasing fluid intake is more effective for this purpose.

A. The client has developed confusion. B. The client's serum sodium is 140 mEq/L (135 to 145 mEq/L). C. The client has a positive Chvostek's sign. D. The client's blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is 18 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL).

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The client has developed confusion: Hypotonic fluids can cause a rapid shift of water into cells, potentially leading to cerebral edema. This can manifest as confusion or altered mental status, which is a serious adverse effect requiring immediate attention.

B. The client's serum sodium is 140 mEq/L (135 to 145 mEq/L): A serum sodium level within the normal range indicates that the hypotonic fluid therapy is likely effective in correcting hypernatremia, and does not suggest an adverse effect.

C. The client has a positive Chvostek's sign: A positive Chvostek's sign is indicative of hypocalcemia rather than an adverse effect of hypotonic fluid administration. This sign is related to low calcium levels and is not a direct result of hypotonic fluid therapy.

D. The client's blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is 18 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL): This BUN level is within normal limits and does not suggest an adverse effect of hypotonic fluid therapy. BUN levels can be affected by various factors, but this value alone is not indicative of an adverse reaction.

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A nurse is reinforcing discharge education to a client who has hypokalemia. Which of the following suggestions should be included in the teaching plan?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

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