Which of the following best describes the primary physiological role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the regulation of cardiovascular function?
BNP promotes the synthesis of angiotensin II to enhance fluid retention and increase blood pressure.
BNP increases heart rate and cardiac contractility to enhance cardiac output.
BNP increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and stimulating aldosterone release.
BNP decreases blood pressure by causing vasodilation and promoting sodium and water excretion.
The Correct Answer is D
A. BNP does not promote the synthesis of angiotensin II; instead, it counteracts the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) by reducing fluid retention and blood pressure, which is the opposite of what angiotensin II does.
B. BNP does not increase heart rate or cardiac contractility. Its role is primarily in reducing cardiac workload by lowering blood pressure and decreasing fluid volume.
C. BNP does not increase blood pressure; rather, it acts to decrease it by causing vasodilation and inhibiting the effects of aldosterone, which would otherwise increase blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention.
D. BNP decreases blood pressure by causing vasodilation and promoting the excretion of sodium and water, which reduces blood volume and, consequently, lowers the blood pressure. This is its primary role in cardiovascular regulation, especially in response to heart failure.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Dyspnea: Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing is a hallmark symptom of COPD, commonly reported by patients.
B. Chronic cough: A persistent cough, often productive, is a common manifestation of COPD, reflecting the chronic inflammation and irritation of the airways.
C. Wheezing: Wheezing, a high-pitched whistling sound during breathing, is often present in COPD due to airway narrowing and obstruction.
D. Sputum production: Increased production of sputum (mucus) is typical in COPD, as the chronic inflammation leads to mucus hypersecretion.
E. Chest tightness: While chest tightness can occur in COPD, it is less common compared to the more prominent symptoms of dyspnea, chronic cough, wheezing, and sputum production.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hypothermia: Pneumonia typically presents with fever rather than hypothermia. Fever is a common response to infection and inflammation.
B. Bradycardia: Pneumonia usually causes tachycardia rather than bradycardia. Tachycardia is a compensatory response to improve oxygen delivery to tissues.
C. Pulse deficit: A pulse deficit is not a common finding in pneumonia. It is more associated with conditions like atrial fibrillation.
D. Tachypnea: Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, is a common sign of pneumonia. It reflects the body’s attempt to improve oxygenation and compensate for impaired gas exchange.
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