A charge nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of nurses about hydrostatic pressure. Which of the following should the nurse include as a contributor to hydrostatic pressure?

A. Avoid vitamin supplements during therapy: This is not generally advised for isoniazid therapy. In fact, vitamin B6 supplements are often recommended to prevent peripheral neuropathy caused by isoniazid.

B. Drink alcohol in small amounts only: Alcohol can increase the risk of liver toxicity when taking isoniazid. It is typically advised to avoid alcohol altogether during treatment.

C. Report yellow eyes or skin immediately: Isoniazid can cause liver toxicity, which can lead to jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin). This is a serious side effect and should be reported immediately to prevent further liver damage.

D. Increase intake of Swiss or aged cheeses: This recommendation is not related to isoniazid therapy. Aged cheeses are more relevant to patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) due to tyramine content.

A. Impaired carbon dioxide elimination due to shunting: In ARDS, shunting can impair oxygenation but not directly carbon dioxide elimination. Shunting refers to blood flow through areas of the lung that are not ventilated properly, primarily affecting oxygenation.

B. Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure due to ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch: ARDS is typically associated with increased, not decreased, pulmonary arterial pressure due to the inflammatory process and reduced lung compliance. V/Q mismatch in ARDS usually results in elevated pulmonary arterial pressure.

C. Hypoxemia due to dead space: ARDS hypoxemia results from impaired gas exchange in damaged alveoli rather than dead space, which is more related to ventilation without perfusion.

D. Decreased pulmonary compliance due to stiffness: ARDS is characterized by decreased pulmonary compliance, which is due to the stiffening of lung tissue from inflammation and edema. This stiffness makes lung expansion more difficult and is a key feature of ARDS.