A charge nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of nurses about hydrostatic pressure. Which of the following should the nurse include as a contributor to hydrostatic pressure?
Excretion of calcium by the kidneys
Osmotic pressure
Pressure exerted by contraction of the heart
Pressure applied by plasma proteins
The Correct Answer is C
A. The excretion of calcium by the kidneys is related to electrolyte balance and bone health but does not directly contribute to hydrostatic pressure in the vasculature.
B. Osmotic pressure is the force exerted by solutes (such as plasma proteins) drawing water into the bloodstream, which opposes hydrostatic pressure. It does not directly contribute to hydrostatic pressure but rather counterbalances it.
C. Hydrostatic pressure is primarily generated by the force of the heart's contraction, which pushes blood through the arteries and capillaries. This pressure drives fluid out of the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues, a crucial process in nutrient and waste exchange.
D. Pressure applied by plasma proteins contributes to oncotic (colloid osmotic) pressure, not hydrostatic pressure. Oncotic pressure pulls fluid into the capillaries, opposing the outward force of hydrostatic pressure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Expiratory wheeze: Wheezing, particularly on expiration, is a characteristic finding during an acute asthma exacerbation. It occurs due to the narrowing of the airways and turbulent airflow.
B. Rhonchi: Rhonchi are low-pitched, rattling sounds often caused by secretions in larger airways, not typically associated with asthma exacerbations.
C. Pleural friction rub: A pleural friction rub is a grating sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed, often seen in conditions like pleuritis, not asthma.
D. Fine rales: Fine rales, or crackles, are associated with fluid in the alveoli, often found in conditions like pneumonia or heart failure, rather than asthma
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Smoking tobacco: Tobacco smoking is the most common risk factor for emphysema. Smoking leads to chronic inflammation and damage to the alveoli, which are key characteristics of emphysema.
B. Asthma: Although asthma can contribute to chronic respiratory issues, it is not the most common risk factor for emphysema. Emphysema is primarily linked to smoking rather than asthma.
C. Between 20 to 30 years of age: Emphysema is more commonly associated with older age, typically developing over many years of exposure to risk factors such as smoking. It is not primarily linked to being in the 20 to 30 age range.
D. Pollution: While air pollution can contribute to respiratory diseases, smoking is the most significant risk factor for emphysema. Pollution alone is less commonly the primary cause.
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