A nurse is reinforcing education to the parent of a 5-year-old client who has manifestations consistent with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following statements should the nurse reinforce about the screening process for ASD?

"Screening involves a combination of parent interviews, observations, and standardized developmental screening tools."

"ASD can be definitively diagnosed with a simple blood test, so we will schedule one for your child."

"The screening process for ASLs usually completed in one visit to the healthcare provider."

"If your child makes eye contact with you we can rule out autism spectrum disorder."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "Screening involves a combination of parent interviews, observations, and standardized developmental screening tools." The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is based on behavioral assessments, including parent-reported history, clinical observations, and standardized screening tools such as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT).

B. "ASD can be definitively diagnosed with a simple blood test, so we will schedule one for your child." There is no blood test or biomarker that can diagnose ASD. Diagnosis is based on behavioral and developmental criteria rather than laboratory tests.

C. "The screening process for ASD is usually completed in one visit to the healthcare provider." ASD screening and diagnosis require multiple evaluations over time, often involving developmental specialists, psychologists, and speech therapists to get a comprehensive understanding of the child’s behaviors.

D. "If your child makes eye contact with you, we can rule out autism spectrum disorder." While reduced eye contact is a common characteristic of ASD, some children with ASD do make eye contact, and the presence or absence of this behavior alone does not confirm or rule out the disorder.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "You should give the child calcium supplements to treat the lead poisoning." While calcium, iron, and vitamin C can help reduce lead absorption, they do not directly treat lead poisoning. Chelation therapy is the primary treatment for high lead levels.

B. "Prevent the child from playing in areas where lead-based paint may have been used." Lead-based paint (commonly found in homes built before 1978) is a major source of lead poisoning in children. Preventing exposure by avoiding contaminated areas and addressing lead hazards is crucial in managing and preventing further poisoning.

C. "Make sure to cook and store food in lead crystal containers to avoid contamination." Lead crystal containers can leach lead into food and beverages, increasing exposure. Glass, stainless steel, or BPA-free plastic containers should be used instead.

D. "Let the child play outside often to dilute the concentration of lead in their body." Outdoor play does not lower lead levels. The body requires proper nutrition, reduced exposure, and medical treatment (such as chelation therapy) to eliminate lead safely.

A. Complete a screening test for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). B. Ask the parent about recent immunizations C. Educate the parent that toddlers do not typically say their first word until 18-20 months of age. D. Ask the parent if the toddler has a history of hospitalizations or surgeries.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Complete a screening test for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). By 18 months, most toddlers have said their first word, and a lack of speech development can be an early sign of ASD or other developmental delays. The M-CHAT (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers) is a common screening tool used at this age to assess for autism. Early identification allows for timely interventions.

B. Ask the parent about recent immunizations. While immunization history is important for overall health, there is no connection between vaccines and delayed speech development. This question does not directly address the developmental concern at hand.

C. Educate the parent that toddlers do not typically say their first word until 18-20 months of age. This is incorrect. Most toddlers say their first word around 12 months, and by 18 months, they typically have a vocabulary of several words. A lack of speech at this age warrants further assessment.

D. Ask the parent if the toddler has a history of hospitalizations or surgeries. While medical history is important, hospitalizations or surgeries are not the most common causes of delayed speech. Developmental screening is the most appropriate next step in evaluating speech delays.

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A nurse is reinforcing education to the parent of a 5-year-old client who has manifestations consistent with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following statements should the nurse reinforce about the screening process for ASD?

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