A nurse is reinforcing education with a caregiver of a pediatric client about diaper dermatitis. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
"Diaper dermatitis is always associated with an infection."
“Diaper dermatitis requires immediate assessment by a medical provider."
"Diaper dermatitis causes significant long-term impacts."
"Diaper dermatitis will respond to prompt treatment."
The Correct Answer is D
A. "Diaper dermatitis is always associated with an infection." Diaper dermatitis is most commonly caused by prolonged exposure to moisture, urine, or feces, leading to skin irritation. While secondary infections (e.g., Candida albicans) can develop, not all cases are infectious.
B. "Diaper dermatitis requires immediate assessment by a medical provider." Most cases of diaper dermatitis can be managed at home with frequent diaper changes, barrier creams (such as zinc oxide), and keeping the area dry. Medical evaluation is only necessary if the rash worsens, does not improve, or shows signs of infection (e.g., pustules, severe redness, fever).
C. "Diaper dermatitis causes significant long-term impacts." Diaper dermatitis is temporary and does not cause long-term effects when properly treated. Severe, untreated cases may lead to discomfort and secondary infections, but lasting damage is rare.
D. "Diaper dermatitis will respond to prompt treatment." This is correct. Frequent diaper changes, exposure to air, and application of barrier creams typically resolve mild to moderate diaper dermatitis within a few days.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "You must breastfeed to give the baby the best nutrients." While breastfeeding provides essential nutrients, it is not recommended for mothers with HIV due to the risk of viral transmission through breast milk, even if the mother is on antiretroviral therapy.
B. "Breastfeeding is not recommended because of the high risk of transmission." HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, and health organizations, including the WHO and CDC, advise against breastfeeding if safe alternatives, such as formula feeding, are available. Formula feeding is the preferred method in high-resource settings.
C. "Pumped breastmilk may be given to your child." Pumping does not eliminate HIV from breast milk. The virus remains present, posing the same transmission risk as direct breastfeeding.
D. "You should sterilize your pumped breastmilk prior to feeding." There is no reliable method for sterilizing breast milk at home that effectively eliminates HIV without destroying its nutritional value. Instead, formula feeding or donor milk from screened sources is recommended.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The vaccine is administered subcutaneously, or just underneath the skin. The pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) is given intramuscularly (IM), not subcutaneously. The preferred injection sites are the anterolateral thigh (for infants) or the deltoid muscle (for older children).
B. The first dose of the vaccine is administered at 2 months of age. This is correct. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is routinely given at 2, 4, 6, and 12–15 months of age to protect against Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can cause pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.
C. The vaccine is contraindicated in individuals who are allergic to gelatin. This is incorrect. The pneumococcal vaccine is not formulated with gelatin. Gelatin allergies are more relevant for vaccines like MMR and varicella. However, PCV13 should not be given to those with severe allergic reactions to any previous dose of the vaccine.
D. The vaccine is given in a series of six doses spread throughout the first 5 years of life. The PCV13 vaccine is given in a series of four doses, not six. While some high-risk children may require additional doses of PPSV23 (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine), the routine childhood schedule consists of four doses.
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