A nurse is reinforcing teaching to the parents of an infant about the correct use of infant car seats. Which of the following statements by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A. Hyperbilirubinemia: Hyperbilirubinemia in neonates is commonly due to immature liver function and the breakdown of red blood cells after birth. It is not linked to maternal folic acid deficiency and would not be prevented through maternal folic acid supplementation.

B. Hyperemesis gravidarum: Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe form of nausea and vomiting that occurs during pregnancy, affecting the mother rather than the neonate. Folic acid supplementation does not prevent this condition, as it is more related to hormonal changes during pregnancy.

C. Iron deficiency anemia: Iron deficiency anemia occurs when there is an inadequate amount of iron, not folic acid, in the mother’s or infant’s diet. While iron is important during pregnancy for both the mother and the developing fetus, folic acid deficiency primarily affects neural tube development, not iron levels or red blood cell production in the same way. Iron supplementation is recommended during pregnancy to prevent iron deficiency anemia.

D. Neural tube defects: Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, are directly linked to folic acid deficiency during early pregnancy. Adequate folic acid intake before conception and during early pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of these serious birth defects affecting the brain and spine.

A: Image A shows the ankle area, which is an example of a hinge joint, not a ball and socket joint. Hinge joints allow movement in one plane, such as flexion and extension, similar to the motion of a door hinge. The ankle allows primarily up-and-down movement but does not rotate in multiple directions like a ball and socket joint would.

B: Image B shows the hip area, which represents a ball and socket joint. In a ball and socket joint, the round head of one bone fits into the cup-like socket of another bone, allowing movement in multiple directions. The hip and the shoulder are classic examples of ball and socket joints, permitting rotation, flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.