A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about preventing the transmission of hepatitis A. The nurse should identify that hepatitis A is transmitted by which of the following routes?
Maternal-fetal
Fecal-oral contamination
Genital sexual contact
Blood to blood
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: This is an incorrect route, because maternal-fetal transmission of hepatitis A is very rare and occurs only if the mother has acute hepatitis A during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Choice B reason: This is the correct route, because fecal-oral contamination of hepatitis A is the most common mode of transmission. Hepatitis A is a viral infection that affects the liver and is spread through ingestion of contaminated food or water, or contact with infected feces.
Choice C reason: This is an incorrect route, because genital sexual contact of hepatitis A is uncommon and occurs only if there is oral-anal contact with an infected person.
Choice D reason: This is an incorrect route, because blood to blood transmission of hepatitis A is also uncommon and occurs only if there is exposure to infected blood or blood products, such as through needle sharing or transfusion.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is a correct statement, because the stool consistency depends on the location of the colostomy. A sigmoid colostomy is located in the lower part of the colon, where most of the water is absorbed, so the stool will be formed.
Choice B reason: This is a correct statement, because the stoma size will decrease as the swelling subsides and the wound heals. The stoma will reach its final size in about 6 to 8 weeks after surgery.
Choice C reason: This is a correct statement, because the colostomy function will resume gradually after surgery, depending on the bowel motility and the presence of gas or stool. The colostomy will usually start to function 2 to 6 days after surgery.
Choice D reason: This is an incorrect statement, because the diet does not have to change to a soft diet after surgery. The client can resume a normal diet as tolerated, unless there are specific dietary restrictions or recommendations from the provider. A soft diet may be recommended only for the first few days after surgery, to avoid bowel obstruction or irritation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is an incorrect instruction, because it is not necessary to take this medication for the rest of your life to prevent recurrence. Isoniazid is usually taken for 6 to 9 months, or as prescribed by the provider, to treat active TB or latent TB infection.
Choice B reason: This is the correct instruction, because your provider will monitor your liver function while you are taking this medication. Isoniazid can cause hepatotoxicity, which is a serious side effect that can damage the liver and cause jaundice, nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain.
Choice C reason: This is an incorrect instruction, because you should avoid alcohol intake while you are taking this medication. Alcohol can increase the risk of hepatotoxicity and interfere with the metabolism of isoniazid.
Choice D reason: This is an incorrect instruction, because it is not recommended to take this medication with a meal to increase absorption. Isoniazid should be taken on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal, to ensure optimal absorption and effectiveness.
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