A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about reading a client's ECG tracing. The nurse should include in the teaching that the P wave represents which of the following cardiac electrical activities?
Late ventricular repolarization
Ventricular depolarization
Early ventricular repolarization
Atrial depolarization
The Correct Answer is D
A. Late ventricular repolarization: Late ventricular repolarization is represented by the T wave on an ECG, not the P wave.
B. Ventricular depolarization: Ventricular depolarization is represented by the QRS complex, not the P wave.
C. Early ventricular repolarization: Early ventricular repolarization is not related to the P wave. It is part of the T wave, which represents repolarization of the ventricles.
D. Atrial depolarization: The P wave represents atrial depolarization, which is the electrical activity that triggers the contraction of the atria.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is []
Explanation
Condition:
Left-sided heart failure: The client is presenting with classic symptoms of left-sided heart failure, such as fatigue, weakness, nocturia (awakening at night to urinate), crackles in the lungs (due to fluid accumulation), a rapid and irregular apical heart rate, an audible S3 gallop, and a dry, hacking cough. These are indicative of pulmonary congestion, which is typical in left-sided heart failure.
Actions to take:
- Administer supplemental oxygen: Since the client is experiencing pulmonary congestion with crackles and a rapid irregular heart rate, supplemental oxygen will help to improve oxygenation and alleviate dyspnea associated with heart failure.
- Elevate the head of the client’s bed: Elevating the head of the bed will promote better lung expansion, reduce pulmonary congestion, and ease breathing, which is beneficial in managing the symptoms of left-sided heart failure.
Parameters to monitor:
- Urine output: Monitoring urine output helps assess the effectiveness of diuretic therapy and overall kidney function. In heart failure, decreased perfusion to the kidneys may lead to fluid retention, so monitoring urine output is essential in evaluating fluid balance.
- Weight: Daily weight monitoring is important in heart failure management to detect fluid retention. A rapid weight gain may indicate worsening heart failure, while a reduction in weight could signify successful diuresis and fluid management.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Orthopnea: Orthopnea is more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure.
B. Dyspnea: Dyspnea is more indicative of left-sided heart failure, where fluid backs up into the lungs, causing difficulty breathing.
C. Peripheral edema: Peripheral edema is a classic symptom of right-sided heart failure due to the backup of blood in the systemic circulation, leading to fluid retention in the lower extremities.
D. Frothy sputum: Frothy sputum is typically associated with left-sided heart failure due to pulmonary congestion and edema.
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