A nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client who has been newly diagnosed with a heart murmur. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
"A heart murmur is a high-pitched sound due to a narrow valve."
"A heart murmur is an extra sound your heart makes due to blood entering an inflexible chamber."
"This means that there is some inflammation around your heart."
"This indicates turbulent (chaotic, random fluctuations) blood flow through a valve."
The Correct Answer is D
A. "A heart murmur is a high-pitched sound due to a narrow valve." While some murmurs may be caused by a narrow valve (stenosis), not all murmurs are high-pitched. Murmurs vary in pitch depending on the cause, so this is not a comprehensive explanation.
B. "A heart murmur is an extra sound your heart makes due to blood entering an inflexible chamber." This describes an S3 or S4 sound rather than a murmur. A heart murmur is typically related to turbulent blood flow through valves, not just an inflexible heart chamber.
C. "This means that there is some inflammation around your heart." This statement incorrectly links a murmur to pericarditis or myocarditis, which involve inflammation. A murmur is associated with abnormal blood flow, not inflammation.
D. "This indicates turbulent (chaotic, random fluctuations) blood flow through a valve." A heart murmur is caused by turbulent blood flow, which can occur when blood moves through a valve that is narrow or has regurgitation. This is the correct explanation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. CT scan without contrast dye: A CT scan without contrast dye is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure that does not require written informed consent in most cases.
B. Echocardiogram: An echocardiogram is a non-invasive ultrasound of the heart and typically does not require written informed consent.
C. Electrocardiogram: An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a simple, non-invasive test to monitor heart activity and does not require written informed consent.
D. Nuclear stress test: A nuclear stress test involves injecting a radioactive substance and placing stress on the heart. Due to its invasive nature and potential risks, written informed consent is required for this procedure.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Bradycardia: Atenolol can slow the heart rate as it reduces the workload of the heart. Bradycardia (a heart rate below 60 beats per minute) is a potential adverse effect and should be monitored.
B. Dry Cough: A dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors, not beta-blockers like atenolol. This statement is incorrect.
C. Migraine Headache: Atenolol is sometimes used to prevent migraines, not cause them. Therefore, migraines are not an expected adverse effect of atenolol. This statement is incorrect.
D. Insomnia or Hyperactivity: Atenolol can cause fatigue or lethargy, but insomnia or hyperactivity is not a typical side effect. This statement is incorrect.
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