A nurse is reviewing guidelines to prevent DKA during periods of illness with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
"Withhold your usual daily dose of insulin."
"Drink 240 to 360 milliliters of calorie-free liquids every 8 hours."
"Test your blood glucose level every 8 hours."
"Check your urine for ketones when blood glucose levels are greater than 240 mg/dL."
The Correct Answer is D
A. Incorrect. Withholding insulin during illness is not recommended. Clients with type 1 diabetes should continue to take their prescribed insulin even when they are ill. Insulin is necessary to regulate blood glucose levels, and illness can increase the body's demand for insulin.
B. Incorrect. Drinking calorie-free liquids is important to prevent dehydration during illness, but specific fluid amounts should be individualized based on the client's needs and healthcare provider's recommendations. The given volume is not a universally applicable guideline.
C. Incorrect. Testing blood glucose levels every 8 hours may not be frequent enough during illness. Blood glucose should be monitored more frequently to closely track changes in response to illness and adjust insulin doses accordingly.
D. Correct. Checking urine for ketones when blood glucose levels exceed 240 mg/dL is an important guideline during illness. Elevated blood glucose levels can lead to the production of ketones, and checking for ketones in the urine helps identify the early signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). If ketones are present, the client should follow a specific plan of action as outlined by their healthcare provider, which may include adjusting insulin doses or seeking medical attention.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. This option corresponds to the blood glucose range of 151-200. However, the patient's current blood glucose level is 264, which falls into the range of 251-300. Therefore, administering 2 units would not be appropriate in this case.
B. The patient's current blood glucose level is 264, which falls into the range of 251-300. According to the sliding scale insulin aspart orders, for this range, 6 units should be administered. This option aligns with the patient's blood glucose level and the prescribed protocol.
C. This option corresponds to the blood glucose range of 351-400. The patient's blood glucose level of 264 does not fall into this range, so administering 10 units would be excessive and potentially lead to hypoglycemia.
D. This option corresponds to the blood glucose range of 201-250. The patient's current blood glucose level is 264, which falls into the range of 251-300. Therefore, administering 4 units would not be sufficient to address the elevated blood glucose level.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect. This statement describes the cause of diabetes mellitus, not Addison's disease.
B. Incorrect. Overproduction of growth hormone is associated with conditions like acromegaly or gigantism, not Addison's disease.
C. Correct. Addison's disease is caused by the lack of production of aldosterone by the adrenal gland.
D. Incorrect. Overproduction of parathormone is associated with hyperparathyroidism, not Addison's disease.
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