A nurse is reviewing lab results on a patient to find urine cultures showing gram negative bacilli (E. coli). The nurse suspects transmission from which body system?
Genitourinary tract.
Gastrointestinal tract.
Integumentary tract.
Nasopharyngeal tract.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
The genitourinary tract itself can be the site of infection, but E. coli, a common cause of UTIs, primarily originates from the gastrointestinal tract. While the genitourinary system is affected, it's typically a result of ascending bacterial migration rather than the primary source of the E. coli.
Choice B rationale
Gram-negative bacilli, specifically Escherichia coli (E. coli), are normal inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract. Due to anatomical proximity, E. coli can easily migrate from the perianal region to the urethra and ascend into the bladder, causing urinary tract infections.
Choice C rationale
The integumentary tract, or skin, primarily hosts a different microbial flora, predominantly gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. While skin can be a source of infection, it is not the typical reservoir for E. coli causing urinary tract infections.
Choice D rationale
The nasopharyngeal tract primarily harbors respiratory pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae. It is not the source of gram-negative bacilli like E. coli that commonly cause urinary tract infections. Transmission routes for these pathogens are distinct.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Cerebral angiography involves injecting contrast into cerebral arteries to visualize blood vessels, primarily used for conditions like aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations. While some vascular abnormalities can cause seizures, it is not the primary diagnostic test for initial seizure disorder evaluation.
Choice B rationale
Electromyography (EMG) measures the electrical activity of muscles in response to nerve stimulation. It is used to diagnose neuromuscular disorders, such as myasthenia gravis or peripheral neuropathies, and is not the primary diagnostic tool for a seizure disorder.
Choice C rationale
A lumbar puncture involves collecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis, primarily used to diagnose infections, inflammatory conditions, or certain neurological disorders. While it might be performed in some seizure contexts to rule out infection, it is not the initial or primary test for seizure disorder diagnosis.
Choice D rationale
Electroencephalography (EEG) records the electrical activity of the brain. It is the gold standard for diagnosing seizure disorders because it can detect abnormal neuronal discharges characteristic of seizures and help classify seizure types, providing crucial information for treatment planning.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Wearing gloves when handling frozen food items is not related to preventing a myasthenic crisis. A myasthenic crisis is characterized by severe muscle weakness, including respiratory muscles, and is often triggered by infection or medication changes, not temperature exposure to hands.
Choice B rationale
Avoiding warm climates is not a primary preventative measure for myasthenic crisis. While extreme temperatures can sometimes exacerbate symptoms in some individuals with myasthenia gravis, it is not a direct trigger for a crisis. Infections are a far more common precipitating factor.
Choice C rationale
Receiving an annual influenza vaccination is crucial for preventing infections, which are a common trigger for myasthenic crisis. Infections, particularly respiratory infections, can significantly worsen muscle weakness and precipitate life-threatening respiratory compromise in patients with myasthenia gravis.
Choice D rationale
Increasing intake of protein does not directly prevent a myasthenic crisis. While adequate nutrition is important for overall health, there is no specific evidence that increased protein intake prevents the acute exacerbation of muscle weakness characteristic of a myasthenic crisis.
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