A nurse is reviewing lab results on a patient to find urine cultures showing gram negative bacilli (E. coli). The nurse suspects transmission from which body system?
Genitourinary tract.
Gastrointestinal tract.
Integumentary tract.
Nasopharyngeal tract.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
The genitourinary tract itself can be the site of infection, but E. coli, a common cause of UTIs, primarily originates from the gastrointestinal tract. While the genitourinary system is affected, it's typically a result of ascending bacterial migration rather than the primary source of the E. coli.
Choice B rationale
Gram-negative bacilli, specifically Escherichia coli (E. coli), are normal inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract. Due to anatomical proximity, E. coli can easily migrate from the perianal region to the urethra and ascend into the bladder, causing urinary tract infections.
Choice C rationale
The integumentary tract, or skin, primarily hosts a different microbial flora, predominantly gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. While skin can be a source of infection, it is not the typical reservoir for E. coli causing urinary tract infections.
Choice D rationale
The nasopharyngeal tract primarily harbors respiratory pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae. It is not the source of gram-negative bacilli like E. coli that commonly cause urinary tract infections. Transmission routes for these pathogens are distinct.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Baclofen is a skeletal muscle relaxant primarily used to alleviate spasticity. It does not have a known pharmacological action that directly stimulates appetite. Appetite regulation is a complex physiological process influenced by various hormones and neurological pathways distinct from baclofen's mechanism of action.
Choice B rationale
Baclofen is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mimetic that acts on GABA-B receptors in the spinal cord, inhibiting monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes. This action reduces the frequency and severity of muscle spasms and spasticity, which are common and debilitating symptoms in multiple sclerosis.
Choice C rationale
Baclofen is not an antibiotic or an antiseptic, and therefore, it does not reduce the urine bacterial count. Its primary therapeutic effect is on the central nervous system to reduce muscle tone. Urinary tract infections are common in multiple sclerosis due to bladder dysfunction, but baclofen does not directly treat them.
Choice D rationale
While some muscle relaxants can have sedating effects as a side effect, the primary therapeutic goal of baclofen in multiple sclerosis is to relieve muscular spasticity, not to induce sleep. Although it can cause drowsiness, it is not prescribed as a hypnotic or for the sole purpose of promoting sleep.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Topical corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for contact dermatitis. This inflammatory skin condition is characterized by a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, and corticosteroids reduce inflammation, pruritus, and erythema by suppressing the immune response, inhibiting cytokine release, and stabilizing lysosomal membranes, thus alleviating symptoms locally.
Choice B rationale
Intravenous corticosteroids are generally reserved for severe, widespread, or recalcitrant cases of contact dermatitis, or when there is significant systemic involvement, such as severe angioedema or airway compromise. For typical localized contact dermatitis, topical application is preferred to minimize systemic side effects.
Choice C rationale
Intravenous antibiotics are indicated for bacterial infections. Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory, non-infectious condition caused by exposure to an allergen or irritant. Therefore, antibiotics would not be a primary treatment unless there is a secondary bacterial infection complicating the dermatitis, which is not the typical initial presentation.
Choice D rationale
Oral antibiotics, like intravenous antibiotics, are used to treat bacterial infections. Contact dermatitis is not caused by bacteria but rather by an inflammatory immune response to external agents. Administering oral antibiotics without evidence of secondary bacterial infection would be inappropriate and ineffective for treating the underlying dermatitis.
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