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A nurse is reviewing the cerebral spinal fluid analysis for a group of clients who have suspected meningitis. Which of the following analysis findings would be consistent with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis? (Select three answers that apply).

Clear CSF

Cloudy CSF

Negative gram stain.

Decreased glucose content.

Positive gram stain.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D,E

A. Clear CSF: Clear CSF is typically seen in viral meningitis or normal findings, not bacterial meningitis.

B. Cloudy CSF: Cloudy CSF indicates the presence of infection and is characteristic of bacterial meningitis.

C. Negative gram stain: A negative gram stain indicates the absence of bacterial pathogens, which is not consistent with bacterial meningitis.

D. Decreased glucose content: Bacteria consume glucose, leading to decreased glucose levels in bacterial meningitis.

E. Positive gram stain: A positive gram stain confirms the presence of bacterial organisms in the CSF, supporting a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "I promise I won't tell anyone about this.": This is inappropriate as nurses are mandated reporters and must inform authorities when abuse is suspected.

B. "Let's discuss what you have told me with your family members.": Involving the alleged abuser(s) directly can put the child at greater risk and is inappropriate.

C. "Your family is bad for doing this to you.": Judging or labeling the family is unprofessional and could make the child feel conflicted or guilty.

D. "It is not your fault that this happened.": This response reassures the child, alleviating feelings of guilt and fostering trust, while remaining supportive and professional.

A. Haemophilus Influenza Type B (HIB) Vaccine and TDAP B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) C. DTAP and Varicella Vaccine D. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) and Haemophilus Type B (HIB Vaccine)

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Haemophilus Influenza Type B (HIB) Vaccine and TDAP. HIB vaccine reduces the incidence of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, but TDAP does not target pathogens responsible for meningitis.

B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV). IPV prevents polio but has no impact on meningitis incidence. PCV is correct for preventing Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.

C. DTAP and Varicella Vaccine. DTAP does not prevent bacterial meningitis, and varicella vaccine prevents chickenpox, not meningitis.

D. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) and Haemophilus Type B (HIB Vaccine). These vaccines directly prevent bacterial meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, which were previously leading causes of meningitis in children.

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A nurse is reviewing the cerebral spinal fluid analysis for a group of clients who have suspected meningitis. Which of the following analysis findings would be consistent with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis? (Select three answers that apply).

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