A nurse is reviewing the mechanism of action of different antibiotic groups.
The nurse understands that which of the following antibiotics bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria and interfere with protein synthesis?
Cefazolin (Zolicef)
Amikacin (Amikin)
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Penicillin G (Pfizerpen)
The Correct Answer is B
Amikacin (Amikin) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria and interferes with protein synthesis by causing mRNA misreading and inhibiting 30S subunit assembly.
Choice A is wrong because cefazolin (Zolicef) is a cephalosporin antibiotic that binds to the penicillin-binding proteins of bacteria and interferes with cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross-linking.
Choice C is wrong because ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that binds to the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV of bacteria and interferes with DNA replication by inhibiting DNA supercoiling.
Choice D is wrong because penicillin G (Pfizerpen) is a beta-lactam antibiotic that binds to the penicillin-binding proteins of bacteria and interferes with cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross-linking.
Normal ranges for 30S ribosomal subunit are not applicable as it is a bacterial structure.
Normal ranges for antibiotics depend on the type, dose, route, frequency and duration of administration as well as the patient’s age, weight, renal function and infection site and severity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The nurse should monitor the serum creatinine level of the client who is receiving gentamicin because this medication can cause nephrotoxicity, which is damage to the kidneys.Serum creatinine is a marker of kidney function and it should be within the normal range of 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL for adults.
If the serum creatinine level increases, it indicates that the kidneys are not filtering the waste products properly and the dose of gentamicin may need to be adjusted or discontinued.
Choice B. Serum potassium is wrong because gentamicin does not affect the potassium level in the blood.Potassium is an electrolyte that regulates the nerve and muscle function and it should be within the normal range of 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L for adults.Abnormal potassium levels can be caused by other factors such as dehydration, kidney disease, diuretics, or acid-base imbalance.
Choice C. Serum albumin is wrong because gentamicin does not affect the albumin level in the blood.Albumin is a protein that helps maintain fluid balance and transport substances in the blood and it should be within the normal range of 3.5 to 5.0 g/dL for adults.Low albumin levels can be caused by other factors such as malnutrition, liver disease, inflammation, or blood loss.
Choice D. Serum bilirubin is wrong because gentamicin does not affect the bilirubin level in the blood.Bilirubin is a waste product of red blood cell breakdown and it should be within the normal range of 0.1 to 1.2 mg/dL for adults.
High bilirubin levels can be caused by other factors such as hemolysis, liver
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
This statement indicates that the client understands that amoxicillin can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives and increase the risk of unintended pregnancy.
Choice A is wrong because a rash can indicate an allergic reaction to amoxicillin, which can be life-threatening.The client should stop taking the medication and seek medical attention if a rash develops.
Choice B is wrong because the client should complete the full course of amoxicillin as prescribed, even if they feel better.Stopping the medication too soon can lead to bacterial resistance and recurrence of infection.
Choice D is wrong because amoxicillin does not cause stomach upset and does not need to be taken with an antacid.In fact, some antacids can interfere with the absorption of amoxicillin and reduce its effectiveness.
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