A nurse is teaching a class on ethical principles. The nurse should include that protecting a client's safety by not causing harm refers to which of the following ethical principles?

A. De-escalation techniques are focused on managing agitated or aggressive behavior, not opioid use.
B. Hallucinations are often related to underlying medical or psychiatric conditions and require specific treatments. De-escalation techniques may help manage agitated behaviors associated with hallucinations but won't directly decrease them.
C. While de-escalation techniques often involve improved communication, it's a means to an end rather than a primary benefit.
D. This is the primary benefit of de-escalation techniques. By effectively calming agitated individuals, the need for physical restraints can be minimized, promoting patient safety and dignity.

A. This is subjective data. The description of pain as "dull" and "aching" is based on the client's personal experience and cannot be measured directly by the nurse. Pain is a subjective symptom because it varies from person to person and is reported by the patient.
B. This is subjective data. Nausea is a feeling or sensation reported by the client and is based on their personal experience. The nurse relies on the client's report to assess this symptom, as it cannot be directly observed or measured.
C. This is objective data. The temperature reading is a measurable, quantifiable fact that can be directly observed and recorded by the nurse using a thermometer. It provides concrete evidence of the client's condition.
D. This is subjective data. Itchiness is a sensation reported by the client and is based on their personal experience. The nurse cannot measure itchiness directly; they rely on the client’s description to understand the symptom.
E. This is objective data. The presence of a vesicular rash is an observable finding that the nurse can see and document. It is a physical characteristic that can be directly assessed and recorded.