A nurse is teaching a client about internal structures of the breast. The should understand that the internal breast consists what structures?

A blend of fibrous, glandular, and adipose tissues

Primarily milk ducts which function a milk reservoirs

Primarily muscle with small amounts of fibrous tissue

Glandular tissue to attach the breast to the chest wall

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) A blend of fibrous, glandular, and adipose tissues: The internal structure of the breast is composed of a mixture of fibrous, glandular, and adipose tissues. The glandular tissue is responsible for producing milk, the fibrous tissue provides structural support, and the adipose tissue stores fat. This combination of tissues gives the breast its shape and functional capabilities, making it a complex and dynamic organ.

B) Primarily milk ducts which function as milk reservoirs: While the breast does contain milk ducts that transport milk from the glandular tissue to the nipple, it is not primarily composed of these ducts. The milk ducts are an important component, but they do not make up the majority of the breast's internal structure. The blend of different tissues is what defines the breast’s anatomy.

C) Primarily muscle with small amounts of fibrous tissue: The breast itself does not contain significant muscle tissue. The primary muscles related to the breast are the pectoral muscles, which lie beneath the breast tissue but are not part of the internal breast structure. The internal breast primarily consists of fibrous, glandular, and adipose tissues, not muscle.

D) Glandular tissue to attach the breast to the chest wall: The glandular tissue is crucial for milk production, but it does not function to attach the breast to the chest wall. The attachment of the breast to the chest wall is facilitated by the Cooper's ligaments, which are fibrous bands that help maintain structural integrity. Glandular tissue primarily serves the function of milk production.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Frontal sinusitis:
This is incorrect. Frontal sinusitis typically causes pain and tenderness in the forehead area, above the eyes, and along the brow ridge. While frontal sinusitis can lead to headaches and facial pain, it generally does not cause pain in the teeth, cheeks, or nasal discharge as specifically as maxillary sinusitis. Pain in the cheeks and upper teeth, along with purulent nasal discharge, is more characteristic of maxillary sinus involvement.

B) Maxillary sinusitis:
This is the correct answer. Maxillary sinusitis is the inflammation or infection of the maxillary sinuses, which are located behind the cheeks. Common symptoms include throbbing pain in the cheeks, teeth, and upper jaw, swollen turbinates (the structures inside the nose that help with airflow and filtering), and purulent nasal discharge. These symptoms match the description provided, making maxillary sinusitis the most likely diagnosis.

C) Nasal fracture:
This is incorrect. A nasal fracture typically presents with pain, swelling, bruising, and sometimes deformity of the nose, often accompanied by epistaxis (nosebleeds). While a nasal fracture can cause pain, it would not typically cause the throbbing pain in the face, teeth, and cheeks, nor would it be associated with swollen turbinates and purulent nasal discharge as seen in sinusitis.

D) Nasal polyps:
This is incorrect. Nasal polyps are non-cancerous growths that form in the nasal passages or sinuses due to chronic inflammation. They often cause nasal obstruction, reduced sense of smell, or frequent sinus infections. However, they do not typically cause the throbbing facial pain, particularly in the teeth and cheeks, that is characteristic of maxillary sinusitis. They also do not cause the purulent discharge seen in sinus infections.

A. The third heart sound (S3) B. The fourth heart sound (S4) C. A split-second heart sound S2 D. A friction nub

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) The third heart sound (S3): The third heart sound (S3) occurs early in diastole, immediately following S2. It is often associated with conditions that cause increased volume and pressure in the ventricles, such as heart failure or dilated cardiomyopathy. S3 is not heard late in diastole, so it does not match the described timing of the extra heart sound.

B) The fourth heart sound (S4): The fourth heart sound (S4) is heard late in diastole, just before S1. It is caused by the atria contracting forcefully to push blood into a non-compliant or stiff ventricle, often associated with conditions like left ventricular hypertrophy or ischemic heart disease. The timing of S4, occurring just before S1, makes it the correct identification of the described extra heart sound.

C) A split second heart sound S2: A split S2 occurs when the aortic and pulmonic valves do not close simultaneously, causing the second heart sound (S2) to be heard as two distinct components. This split can vary with respiration but does not occur late in diastole. Therefore, it does not align with the extra heart sound heard just before S1.

D) A friction rub: A friction rub is a sound associated with pericarditis, caused by the rubbing of inflamed pericardial layers. It has a distinct, grating quality and can be heard throughout the cardiac cycle. A friction rub is not a late diastolic sound, making it an incorrect identification for the extra heart sound described.

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A nurse is teaching a client about internal structures of the breast. The should understand that the internal breast consists what structures?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client complaining of throbbing pain in the face, teeth, and cheeks. Upon palpation, the nurse notes swollen turbinates and a purulent discharge the nose. The nurse should recognize that the client's symptoms best correlate with which problem?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is auscultating heart sounds on a client and hears an extra sound late in diastole, just before the S1. How should the nurse document this finding?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to assess the visual acuity of an adult client. Which of the following assessment should the nurse use for visual acuity?

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A nurse is teaching a client's partner about how to obtain a blood pressure reading. Which of the following actions by the partner should indicate that further instruction is needed?

A nurse is documenting assessment findings on a client. Which of the following entries should the nurse identify as subjective data? (Select All that Apply.)

A nurse is preparing to auscultate for heart sounds on a client. Which technique should be used by the nurse?

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A nurse is auscultating the lungs of a client and hears low-pitched, soft breath sounds over the posterior lower lobes and inspiration that is longer than expiration. How should the nurse interpret these findings?

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