A nurse is teaching a client about risk factors for osteoarthritis. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Smoking

Bacteria

Diuretics

Aging

Obesity

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

A. Smoking has been associated with an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis, particularly in the knees and hips. Smoking may contribute to inflammation and oxidative stress, which can exacerbate joint damage.

D. Aging is a significant risk factor for osteoarthritis. As individuals age, the cartilage in their joints may naturally deteriorate over time, leading to the development of osteoarthritis.

E. Obesity is a well-established risk factor for osteoarthritis, particularly in weight-bearing joints such as the knees and hips. Excess body weight places increased stress on the joints, leading to accelerated wear and tear of the joint cartilage.

B. Bacteria are not typically associated with the development of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is primarily a non-inflammatory condition related to wear and tear on the joints rather than an infectious process.

C. Diuretics are medications used to treat conditions such as hypertension and edema by increasing urine output. There is no direct evidence linking diuretic use to the development of osteoarthritis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a blood test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a tube of blood over time. ESR levels are commonly elevated in inflammatory conditions such as RA.

A. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an autoantibody commonly found in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, monitoring RF levels is not typically used to evaluate the effectiveness of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in managing RA symptoms.

B. ANA levels are not typically monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of aspirin or NSAIDs in managing RA symptoms.

D. Monitoring WBC count is important for assessing overall health and detecting infections but it is not specific to evaluating the effectiveness of aspirin or NSAIDs in managing RA symptoms.

A. The patient drank 4 ounces of apple juice 6 hours before coming to the hospital. B. The patient drinks 3 cups of coffee every day. C. The patient's father died after general anesthesia for abdominal surgery. D. The patient stopped taking aspirin 10 days ago.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. This information is important to communicate to the surgical and anesthesia team as it indicates a potential family history of adverse reactions to anesthesia. Family history of anesthesia-related complications, especially in close relatives, can influence the anesthetic plan and help mitigate potential risks during surgery.

A. Clear fluids, such as apple juice, are typically allowed up to 2 hours before surgery, but the specific fasting instructions may vary depending on the institution's protocol and the type of surgery planned.

B. This information provides insight into the patient's caffeine consumption habits but it is not typically considered a critical factor to communicate to the surgical and anesthesia team before surgery.

D. Knowing the duration of aspirin cessation allows the anesthesia team to assess the patient's coagulation status and adjust the perioperative management accordingly. However, it does not present immediate risks as significant as a family history of anesthetic complications.

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A nurse is teaching a client about risk factors for osteoarthritis. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is taking aspirin 650 mg every 4 hours. Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of this medication?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse interviews a patient scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for a bilateral hernia repair. Which information is most important to communicate to the surgeon and anesthesiologist before surgery?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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