A nurse is teaching a client about risk factors for osteoarthritis. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Smoking

Bacteria

Diuretics

Aging

Obesity

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

A. Smoking has been associated with an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis, particularly in the knees and hips. Smoking may contribute to inflammation and oxidative stress, which can exacerbate joint damage.

D. Aging is a significant risk factor for osteoarthritis. As individuals age, the cartilage in their joints may naturally deteriorate over time, leading to the development of osteoarthritis.

E. Obesity is a well-established risk factor for osteoarthritis, particularly in weight-bearing joints such as the knees and hips. Excess body weight places increased stress on the joints, leading to accelerated wear and tear of the joint cartilage.

B. Bacteria are not typically associated with the development of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is primarily a non-inflammatory condition related to wear and tear on the joints rather than an infectious process.

C. Diuretics are medications used to treat conditions such as hypertension and edema by increasing urine output. There is no direct evidence linking diuretic use to the development of osteoarthritis.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

D. Tachypnea is a classic early manifestation of fat embolism syndrome. Fat emboli can travel to the lungs and obstruct blood flow, leading to respiratory distress and hypoxemia. Tachypnea is the body's response to hypoxemia, as it attempts to increase oxygen intake by breathing more rapidly.

A. Swelling of the calf can occur with conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but it is not typically an early manifestation of fat embolism syndrome.

B. tachycardia is more commonly seen due to the body's response to decreased oxygen levels and increased demand on the cardiovascular system.

C. Hypertension is not typically associated with fat embolism syndrome. Instead, hypotension can occur due to decreased cardiac output and systemic vasodilation in severe cases of fat embolism syndrome.

A. Provide a thorough explanation of the planned surgical procedure. B. Notify the surgeon that the informed consent process is not complete. C. Notify the operating room nurse to give a complete explanation of the procedure. D. Give the prescribed preoperative antibiotics and withhold sedative medications.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. If the patient expresses confusion or uncertainty about the surgical procedure, the nurse should notify the surgeon or appropriate healthcare provider promptly. The surgeon may need to revisit the discussion with the patient, clarify any misunderstandings, and answer any questions to ensure informed consent.

A. This option involves the nurse providing the patient with a comprehensive explanation of the planned surgical procedure, including the purpose, risks, benefits, and alternatives. That however, is the role of the provider.

C. While the operating room nurse may have knowledge about the planned surgical procedure, it is ultimately the responsibility of the surgeon or healthcare provider performing the procedure to ensure that the patient understands and consents to the surgery.

D. Administering preoperative antibiotics and managing sedative medications are important aspects of preoperative care but are not directly related to addressing the patient's concerns about understanding the planned surgical procedure.

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A nurse is teaching a client about risk factors for osteoarthritis. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client who has a pelvic fracture about manifestations of fat embolism syndrome. The nurse should include which of the following findings as an early manifestation?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is preparing to witness the patient signing the operative consent form when the patient says, "I don't understand what the doctor said about the surgery." Which action should the nurse take next?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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