A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department (ED).
The Correct Answer is []
AF is characterized by irregular, rapid heartbeat (100 to 175 beats per minute (bpm) and the absence of distinct P waves.
Management of unstable atrial fibrillation include immediate pharmacological or electrical cardioversion and anticoagulation.
Atrial fibrillation leads to ineffective pumping and stasis of blood in the heart which increases the risk of stroke.
On initiating anticoagulation, PTT/INR is important to ensure that the drug is administered at doses that achieve the optimal therapeutic effect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. Checking the left hand for pallor can help assess peripheral perfusion and determine if there is adequate blood flow distal to the arterial line insertion site. Pallor in the left hand could indicate decreased perfusion, which may contribute to the low-pressure alarm.
A. Re-zeroing the monitoring equipment may be necessary to ensure accurate pressure readings. However, it should not be the first action taken when the low-pressure alarm sounds. Before re-zeroing, the nurse should assess the patient's condition to ensure there are no immediate issues affecting arterial pressure.
C. Fast flushing the arterial line is not typically the first action to take when the low-pressure alarm sounds. Fast flushing may increase the risk of dislodging the catheter or causing air embolism if there is a problem with the line.
D. Assessing for dysrhythmias should be part of the overall assessment but may not be the first action taken in response to the alarm.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
C. Hypovolemia, or low blood volume, can lead to decreased venous return to the heart and reduced filling pressures. Consequently, CVP may decrease in hypovolemic states. Low CVP may indicate inadequate preload and reduced cardiac output, which are characteristic of hypovolemia.
A. Left ventricular failure typically results in elevated filling pressures rather than low CVP. In left ventricular failure, blood backs up into the pulmonary circulation, leading to increased pulmonary venous pressure and potentially elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), which is a surrogate marker for left atrial pressure. This elevated pressure is reflected in the CVP as well, resulting in increased CVP rather than low CVP.
B. Fluid overload typically results in elevated filling pressures and increased CVP rather than low CVP. Excess fluid volume increases venous return to the heart, leading to increased pressure within the central veins and elevated CVP.
D. Intracardiac shunts may cause alterations in cardiac pressures, but they typically do not result in consistently low CVP. Depending on the type and severity of the shunt, the direction and magnitude of pressure changes may vary. However, in the absence of other pathophysiological factors, intracardiac shunts are less likely to cause consistently low CVP.
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