A nurse is teaching a client who is prescribed COCs about the mechanism of action of these pills.

The nurse should explain that COCs prevent pregnancy by?

The correct answer is choice A.History of migraine headaches with aura is a contraindication for using COCs because it increases the risk of stroke.

Some possible explanations for the other choices are:

• Choice B is wrong because history of dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia is not a contraindication for using COCs.In fact, COCs may help reduce menstrual pain and bleeding.
• Choice C is wrong because history of acne vulgaris and hirsutism is not a contraindication for using COCs.In fact, COCs may help improve acne and hirsutism by reducing androgen levels.
• Choice D is wrong because history of iron-deficiency anemia and fatigue is not a contraindication for using COCs.In fact, COCs may help prevent iron-deficiency anemia by reducing menstrual blood loss.

Normal ranges for relevant parameters are:

• Blood pressure: <140/90 mmHg
• Body mass index: 18.5–24.9 kg/m
• Hemoglobin: 12–16 g/dL for women

The correct answer is choice C) “No, you should avoid activities that could cause straining or trauma until healing occurs.” This is because a vasectomy is a surgical procedure that involves cutting and sealing the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the semen.It requires some time for recovery and healing, and strenuous activities like hunting could increase the risk of bleeding, infection, or reopening the incisions.

Choice A) “Yes, this activity level will be fine.” is wrong because it contradicts the medical advice to rest and avoid heavy lifting or exercise for at least a week after a vasectomy.

Choice B) “No, you should avoid sexual intercourse until your follow-up visit.” is wrong because it is too restrictive.Sexual intercourse can be resumed after a few days or when the pain and swelling subside, as long as contraception is used until the semen is confirmed to be sperm-free.

Choice D) “Yes, but you should wear tight-fitting underwear.” is wrong because it is not enough to prevent complications.Tight-fitting underwear can help support the scrotum and reduce discomfort, but it does not eliminate the need to avoid activities that could cause straining or trauma.