A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Orthostatic hypotension is indicated by a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 5 mm Hg.

Orthostatic hypotension is indicated by a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 5 mm Hg.

Orthostatic hypotension increases a client's risk of a fall.

Orthostatic hypotension increases a client's risk of a pulmonary emboli.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Orthostatic hypotension is indicated by a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 5 mm Hg:
Orthostatic hypotension is typically defined by a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or more or a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg or more within three minutes of standing up. Diastolic blood pressure alone is not the primary indicator of orthostatic hypotension.

B) Orthostatic hypotension is indicated by a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 5 mm Hg:
While a decrease in systolic blood pressure is a component of orthostatic hypotension, the criterion for diagnosing orthostatic hypotension is a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or more or a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg or more within three minutes of standing up.

C) Orthostatic hypotension increases a client's risk of a fall:
This statement is correct. Orthostatic hypotension, characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing, can lead to dizziness and lightheadedness, increasing the risk of falls, particularly in older adults.

D) Orthostatic hypotension increases a client's risk of a pulmonary emboli:
Orthostatic hypotension is not directly associated with an increased risk of pulmonary emboli. Pulmonary embolism is a separate condition involving a blockage in the pulmonary artery or its branches, typically caused by a blood clot."

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B) Tachycardia:
Anticholinergic drugs, by blocking the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, can lead to increased sympathetic activity, resulting in tachycardia. Acetylcholine normally acts to moderate heart rate via vagal stimulation, so blocking its effects with anticholinergic medications can lead to an unopposed sympathetic response, causing an increase in heart rate.

A) Urinary Frequency:
Anticholinergic drugs typically cause urinary retention rather than urinary frequency. By blocking muscarinic receptors in the bladder, these medications can lead to decreased bladder contractility and urinary retention. Urinary frequency is not a common adverse effect of anticholinergic drugs.

C) Tachypnea:
Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, is not a typical adverse effect of anticholinergic medications. While anticholinergic drugs can affect respiratory secretions and cause drying of mucous membranes, leading to potential respiratory issues, tachypnea specifically is not commonly associated with their use.

D) Hypotension:
Anticholinergic drugs are more likely to cause hypertension rather than hypotension. By blocking the parasympathetic nervous system, these medications can lead to sympathetic dominance, resulting in increased blood pressure. Hypotension is not a typical adverse effect of anticholinergic drugs.

Correct Answer is ["100"]

Explanation

We are given the following information:

Medication: Ticarcillin/clavulanate 3.1 g

Administration route: Intermittent IV bolus over 30 minutes

Available solution: Ticarcillin/clavulanate 3.1 g in 50 mL 0.9% sodium chloride (NSS)

However, the IV pump controls the rate of delivery over time (usually in hours). An intermittent bolus means the medication is infused all at once over a shorter period (30 minutes in this case).

The pump rate calculation here focuses on the total volume of the available solution containing the medication to be delivered, not necessarily on the medication amount itself.

Therefore, we need to find the rate at which the total volume of 50 mL solution should be delivered over 30 minutes.

Conversion is necessary because pump rates are typically set in hours (hr).

Time (hours) = 30 minutes / 60 minutes/hour = 0.5 hours

Now, calculate the flow rate:

Flow rate (mL/hr) = Total volume (mL) / Infusion time (hours)

Flow rate (mL/hr) = 50 mL / 0.5 hours = 100 mL/hr

Round to the nearest whole number as requested.

Therefore, the nurse should set the pump to deliver approximately 100 mL/hr. This ensures the total 50 mL solution containing the 3.1 g of ticarcillin/clavulanate is delivered over the intended 30-minute period.

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A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 27-year-old male is taking an anticholinergic drug as adjunctive therapy to treat his peptic ulcer disease. The client comes to the clinic and tells the nurse that he "feels his heart beating." What adverse effect is the client experiencing from the anticholinergic medication?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["100"]

Explanation

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