A nurse is teaching a prenatal class about infection prevention at a community center. Which of the following statements by a client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A. Loperamide is an anti-diarrheal medication and would not help with constipation.
B. Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative that can help to stimulate bowel movements in a constipated client.
C. Magnesium hydroxide is a saline laxative but is not the first choice for postpartum constipation when the bowel has been inactive for several days.
D. Famotidine is an H2 receptor antagonist and is used to treat gastrointestinal issues, not constipation.

Findings Requiring Immediate Follow-Up:

B. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit:
The client’s hemoglobin (9.1 g/dL) and hematocrit (27%) are significantly lower than normal (14-18 g/dL for hemoglobin and 40-52% for hematocrit). This is indicative of anemia, which could be due to chronic blood loss, potentially from a gastrointestinal source (given the history of dark, tarry stool). Anemia can lead to symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, and fatigue, and if severe, it could lead to hypovolemic shock.
C. Stool results:
The hemoccult stool test is positive, indicating gastrointestinal bleeding, likely from an upper GI source (e.g., ulcers or gastritis). Combined with the client's symptoms of gnawing abdominal pain, a burning sensation radiating to the back, and a history of dark, tarry stools (which suggests melena), this is concerning for a peptic ulcer disease (PUD) or even a gastric ulcer. This finding warrants immediate follow-up to evaluate the cause and assess for complications such as active bleeding or perforation.
E. Blood Pressure:
The client’s blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, which is hypotensive and likely a sign of hypovolemia due to blood loss (from the GI bleeding indicated by the positive hemoccult test). Hypotension is a concerning finding, especially in a client with anemia and symptoms of abdominal distress. Immediate intervention is needed to address the blood pressure and prevent further complications, such as shock.
F. Temperature:
The client’s temperature is 37.5°C (99.5°F), which is slightly elevated (normal is typically 36.1-37.2°C or 97°F-99°F). While not dramatically high, a low-grade fever could suggest an infection (e.g., due to H. pylori, which is positive in this client, or an associated gastric infection or inflammation). In this case, it could indicate a need for monitoring, as infections can exacerbate symptoms and complications, particularly in the setting of a GI ulcer or bleeding.
H. Heart Rate:
The client's heart rate is elevated at 118 beats per minute (tachycardia). Tachycardia in this setting could be a compensatory mechanism for hypovolemia due to the blood loss suggested by the low hemoglobin/hematocrit and positive stool test. The elevated heart rate could also be a sign of pain, anxiety, or systemic response to the GI distress. Regardless, tachycardia is a significant finding in the context of hypotension and anemia and requires immediate follow-up to prevent cardiovascular complications.

Findings That Do Not Require Immediate Follow-Up:
A. Current Medications:
The client is taking Ibuprofen, which is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). While NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal irritation and increase the risk of bleeding (particularly in the presence of ulcers), the client’s current medications do not require immediate follow-up as a standalone issue. However, if a diagnosis of ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding is confirmed, the use of NSAIDs should be discontinued.
D. WBC Count:
The client's WBC count is 6,700/mm³, which is within the normal range (5,000-10,000/mm³). This does not indicate infection or significant inflammation. Given the context of the client’s symptoms and lab results, there is no immediate concern with the WBC count at this time.
G. Respiratory Rate:
The client’s respiratory rate is 18/min, which is within the normal range (12-20 breaths per minute for adults). There is no indication of respiratory distress or abnormal breathing patterns in this patient, so no immediate follow-up is required in this area.