A nurse is teaching student nurses about different types of medical conditions that affect the gastrointestinal system, when a student asks her about the cause of esophageal varices. What is an appropriate answer by the nurse when asked about a potential cause of esophageal varices?
"Obesity has been a known cause of esophageal varices"
"It is caused by smoking"
"It is caused by high blood pressure"
"It is caused by chronic liver disease"
The Correct Answer is D
A. While obesity can contribute to various health issues, it is not a direct cause of esophageal varices.
B. Smoking is harmful to overall health, but it is not specifically known to cause esophageal varices.
C. High blood pressure, especially systemic hypertension, is not a direct cause of esophageal varices. However, portal hypertension, which can be caused by liver disease, is the main factor in the development of esophageal varices.
D. Chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, leads to portal hypertension, which in turn causes the veins in the esophagus to become engorged and prone to bleeding, resulting in esophageal varices. This is the most appropriate cause for esophageal varices.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"D","dropdown-group-2":"A"}
Explanation
Rationale:
Hypoxia: The client's decreased oxygen saturation (SaO2) despite oxygen therapy and the presence of respiratory distress (tachypnea, shortness of breath) indicate hypoxia.
Pneumonia: The client's fever, increased respiratory rate, decreased oxygen saturation, and crackles in the lungs are indicative of pneumonia, particularly in the right lower lobe as evidenced by the chest X-ray.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Soap-suds enemas are not recommended for clients with ulcerative colitis because they can irritate the colon and worsen symptoms. Enemas should be used cautiously, if at all, and only when medically indicated.
B. Soaking in a sitz bath can help soothe perianal discomfort, but it is not the most effective intervention for protecting the skin from diarrhea-related irritation. Barrier creams are a more direct way to protect the skin from further damage.
C. Wiping the perianal area with warm water and applying a barrier cream is an appropriate and effective intervention to protect the skin. The warm water is gentle, and the barrier cream provides a protective layer that helps prevent skin breakdown from frequent contact with stool.
D. Cleansing with an antimicrobial scrub and vigorously drying the perianal area could cause further irritation and damage to already sensitive skin. The focus should be on gentle cleansing and protecting the skin with a barrier cream.
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