A nurse is teaching student nurses about different types of medical conditions that affect the gastrointestinal system, when a student asks her about the cause of esophageal varices. What is an appropriate answer by the nurse when asked about a potential cause of esophageal varices?

"Obesity has been a known cause of esophageal varices"

"It is caused by smoking"

"It is caused by high blood pressure"

"It is caused by chronic liver disease"

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. While obesity can contribute to various health issues, it is not a direct cause of esophageal varices.
B. Smoking is harmful to overall health, but it is not specifically known to cause esophageal varices.
C. High blood pressure, especially systemic hypertension, is not a direct cause of esophageal varices. However, portal hypertension, which can be caused by liver disease, is the main factor in the development of esophageal varices.
D. Chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, leads to portal hypertension, which in turn causes the veins in the esophagus to become engorged and prone to bleeding, resulting in esophageal varices. This is the most appropriate cause for esophageal varices.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hypermagnesemia is not typically associated with refeeding syndrome. In fact, hypomagnesemia is more common due to the rapid shift of electrolytes and the body's increased demand during refeeding.
B. Hyponatremia is not a hallmark of refeeding syndrome. This condition more commonly leads to electrolyte imbalances like hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia rather than low sodium levels.
C. Hypophosphatemia is a hallmark finding in refeeding syndrome. As the body shifts from catabolic to anabolic states during refeeding, phosphorus is rapidly used in cellular processes, and its levels drop, which can lead to muscle weakness, respiratory failure, and other complications.
D. Hyperkalemia is not typically associated with refeeding syndrome. The condition is more likely to cause hypokalemia due to the shift of potassium into cells during the anabolic process after refeeding.

A. "I can still participate in physical activities and exercise with an ileostomy." B. "I should empty the pouch when it is about two-thirds full." C. "I should apply adhesive remover to the skin around the stoma when changing the pouch." D. "I can eat all my favorite foods now that I have an ileostomy."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This is an appropriate statement. Most patients with an ileostomy can resume physical activities and exercise, though they should be mindful of their stoma and pouch during activities.
B. This is a correct statement. The pouch should be emptied when it is about one-third to one-half full to prevent it from becoming too heavy or causing skin irritation.
C. This is also correct. Adhesive remover can be used to gently remove the pouch and adhesive, preventing irritation to the skin around the stoma.
D. This statement indicates a need for more teaching. While many foods can be eaten after an ileostomy, some foods may cause blockages or discomfort (e.g., nuts, seeds, and high-fiber vegetables). Patients need to be educated on dietary modifications and precautions post-ileostomy.

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A nurse is teaching student nurses about different types of medical conditions that affect the gastrointestinal system, when a student asks her about the cause of esophageal varices. What is an appropriate answer by the nurse when asked about a potential cause of esophageal varices?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition and develops refeeding syndrome. The nurse should expect which of the following laboratory findings?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is completing discharge teaching with a patient following an ileostomy. Which statement by the patient indicates the need for more teaching concerning the ileostomy?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a peptic ulcer. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a risk factor for this condition?

A 36-year-old patient with suspected gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding undergoes a diagnostic endoscopy which determines the site of bleeding is a duodenal ulcer. The nurse explains to the patient that bleeding ulcers are commonly related to which of the following:

A patient is being treated for bleeding esophageal varices with balloon tamponade. Which of the following nursing actions will the nurse include in the plan of care?

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A nurse is implementing a plan of care for a client who has AIDS with recurring pneumonia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

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