A nurse manager in the pediatric intensive care unit understands that when providing information to parents of a critically ill child, the following should be performed FIRST:

A. Horizontal violence, also known as lateral violence, refers to aggressive or disruptive behavior between colleagues at the same level, such as between nurses. Since the head nurse is in a superior position and the staff nurse is a subordinate, the behavior described does not fit the definition of horizontal violence.
B. Bullying involves repeated, intentional actions that undermine or belittle another person. The head nurse’s comments about the staff nurse’s credibility to other staff members could be considered a form of bullying, especially if this behavior is persistent and aims to undermine the staff nurse’s professional reputation or confidence.
C. Confrontation is a direct approach to addressing disagreements or conflicts between individuals. It involves discussing differing views openly and is intended to resolve issues through dialogue. In this
case, the head nurse’s behavior does not involve direct confrontation with the staff nurse about the disagreement but rather involves undermining the staff nurse's credibility behind their back.
D. Mediation is a process where a neutral third party helps facilitate communication and negotiation between conflicting parties to reach a resolution. The behavior described does not involve mediation; instead, it involves negative comments and undermining behavior without seeking resolution or involving a mediator.

A. Educating the patient about their diagnosis is an important aspect of promoting patient engagement. It helps the patient understand their condition and empowers them to participate in their care.
B. Advising the patient on which treatment options to choose can be problematic. While the student might have the best intentions, making specific recommendations about which treatment options the patient should choose crosses into the realm of providing medical advice, which is typically the role of the healthcare provider or physician. This action may undermine the patient's autonomy and their ability to make informed decisions about their own care.
C. Arranging for a doctor to visit the patient and family to assist in making treatment decisions is a supportive and appropriate action. It helps ensure that the patient and family have the necessary information and support to make informed decisions about treatment options.
D. Asking the patient about their preferences concerning treatment decisions is a key aspect of promoting patient engagement. It involves respecting the patient's autonomy and involving them in their care decisions. This action supports patient-centered care and engagement, so it does not indicate a need for further teaching.