A nurse working for a home health agency is teaching a client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus about disease management. Which of the following glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values should the nurse include in the teaching as an indicator that the client is appropriately controlling their glucose levels?

7.8%

8.5%

10%

6.3%

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. 7.8%

An HbA1c value of 7.8% indicates an average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months that is higher than the optimal range. This suggests that the client may not be achieving optimal glucose control.

B. 8.5%

An HbA1c value of 8.5% also indicates elevated average blood sugar levels over the past few months. This value suggests poorer control of diabetes, and adjustments to the management plan may be needed.

C. 10%

An HbA1c value of 10% indicates higher average blood sugar levels, signifying inadequate control of diabetes. This value suggests a need for intervention and modification of the treatment plan to achieve better glucose management.

D. 6.3%

An HbA1c value of 6.3% is considered a relatively good indicator of glucose control. This value suggests that the client has been successful in maintaining lower average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months, reflecting effective diabetes management.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Limit fluid intake not related to meals:

While staying hydrated is important, it's generally recommended to limit fluid intake not related to meals to avoid overfilling the stomach and putting excess pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). However, this is not as specific to GERD management as the option B.

B. Avoid eating within 3 hours of bedtime:

This is a key recommendation for managing GERD. Eating close to bedtime increases the likelihood of stomach contents refluxing into the esophagus when lying down. Waiting at least 3 hours after eating before lying down can help prevent symptoms.

C. Chew on mint leaves to relieve indigestion:

Mint, including mint leaves, can relax the LES, potentially worsening GERD symptoms. It is not recommended for managing GERD.

D. Season foods with black pepper:

While black pepper itself is not a common trigger for GERD, highly spicy or peppery foods can sometimes exacerbate symptoms in individuals with GERD. It's advisable to pay attention to personal triggers and adjust the diet accordingly.

A. Increase physical activity and daily exercise. B. Reduce cholesterol and saturated fat intake, C. Maintain optimal blood pressure to prevent kidney damage. D. Enroll in a smoking-cessation program. E. Sustain hyperglycemia to reduce deterioration of nerve cells.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Increase physical activity and daily exercise.

Regular physical activity helps improve insulin sensitivity, manage blood glucose levels, and lower the risk of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes.

B. Reduce cholesterol and saturated fat intake.

Managing cholesterol levels and reducing saturated fat intake can help lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is a common complication of diabetes.

C. Maintain optimal blood pressure to prevent kidney damage.

Controlling and maintaining blood pressure within optimal ranges is crucial in preventing kidney damage, a common complication of diabetes.

D. Enroll in a smoking-cessation program.

Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular complications and can exacerbate other diabetes-related health issues. Quitting smoking is important in reducing the risk of complications.

E. Sustain hyperglycemia to reduce deterioration of nerve cells.

Sustaining hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels) is detrimental and contributes to the progression of diabetic complications, including nerve damage (neuropathy). Lowering and controlling blood glucose levels are essential in preventing complications rather than sustaining hyperglycemia.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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