A nurse working in the emergency department (ED) is admitting a client.

Exhibits

The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as a risk factor for pneumonia? Select all that apply.

COPD

Hypertension

Dermatitis

Smoking history

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Hypothyroidism

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

A. COPD: Clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk for pneumonia due to compromised lung function, chronic inflammation, and decreased mucociliary clearance, making it easier for pathogens to infect the lungs.

B. Hypertension: While hypertension is a significant cardiovascular risk factor, it does not directly increase the risk of pneumonia. Therefore, it is not a relevant factor in this case.

C. Dermatitis: Dermatitis is a skin condition and does not affect lung function or immunity in a way that would increase the risk of pneumonia.

D. Smoking history: Smoking damages the respiratory epithelium and impairs the immune defenses of the lungs, making smokers more susceptible to respiratory infections such as pneumonia.

E. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Diabetes compromises immune function and increases the risk of infections, including pneumonia, due to hyperglycemia impairing neutrophil function and other immune responses.

F. Hypothyroidism: While hypothyroidism may cause some general symptoms such as fatigue, it does not directly compromise respiratory function or immunity in a way that increases the risk of pneumonia.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A chest x-ray is important to assess pneumonia but is not the priority when chest pain suggesting a cardiac event is present.

B. A 12-lead ECG is the priority to assess for myocardial ischemia or infarction, given the client’s description of chest pain.

C. Serum potassium is important for cardiac health but not the immediate priority in this scenario.

D. PT and INR are relevant for coagulation but do not address the immediate concern of potential myocardial infarction.

Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"D","dropdown-group-2":"D"}

Explanation

Lithium toxicity: The client's lithium level is significantly elevated at 2.5 mEq/L (normal range is 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L), and symptoms such as blurred vision, increased urine output, and clonic jerking of the upper extremities are indicative of lithium toxicity2.
Seizure activity: Lithium toxicity can lead to neurological symptoms, including seizures, which require close monitoring

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A nurse working in the emergency department (ED) is admitting a client. Exhibits The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as a risk factor for pneumonia? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia and tells the nurse, "I feel like an elephant is sitting on my chest." The client is weak and unable to walk. After the nurse initiates chest pain protocol, which of the following is the priority diagnostic test?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"D","dropdown-group-2":"D"}

Explanation

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A nurse working in the emergency department (ED) is admitting a client.

Exhibits

The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as a risk factor for pneumonia? Select all that apply.