A nurse working in the emergency department (ED) is admitting a client.
The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as a risk factor for pneumonia? Select all that apply.
COPD
Hypertension
Dermatitis
Smoking history
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer : A,D,E
A. COPD: Clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk for pneumonia due to compromised lung function, chronic inflammation, and decreased mucociliary clearance, making it easier for pathogens to infect the lungs.
B. Hypertension: While hypertension is a significant cardiovascular risk factor, it does not directly increase the risk of pneumonia. Therefore, it is not a relevant factor in this case.
C. Dermatitis: Dermatitis is a skin condition and does not affect lung function or immunity in a way that would increase the risk of pneumonia.
D. Smoking history: Smoking damages the respiratory epithelium and impairs the immune defenses of the lungs, making smokers more susceptible to respiratory infections such as pneumonia.
E. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Diabetes compromises immune function and increases the risk of infections, including pneumonia, due to hyperglycemia impairing neutrophil function and other immune responses.
F. Hypothyroidism: While hypothyroidism may cause some general symptoms such as fatigue, it does not directly compromise respiratory function or immunity in a way that increases the risk of pneumonia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "Keep your feet together to provide a tight base of support": Incorrect. Keeping feet together reduces stability; a wide base of support is recommended.
B. "Keep objects away from your center of gravity while lifting": Incorrect. Objects should be kept close to the center of gravity to reduce strain.
C. "Bend at the waist when lifting objects from the floor": Incorrect. Bending at the knees, not the waist, is the correct technique to prevent back injury.
D. "Tighten abdominal muscles to improve balance": Tightening the abdominal muscles provides core stability and reduces the risk of injury when lifting.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Ibuprofen is not recommended during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, due to potential risks to the fetus.
B. Testing the baby’s cord blood is not a standard method to detect HSV transmission.
C. Cortisone cream is not typically used to treat HSV lesions.
D. Cesarean birth is recommended if there are active lesions at the time of labor to prevent neonatal transmission.
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