A nursing instructor is teaching a group of nursing students about antihistamines. Which statement by a student indicates an understanding of the mechanism of action of the antihistamines?

"Antihistamines block release of histamine from mast cells and basophils."

"Antihistamines block H1 receptors to prevent actions of histamine at these sites."

"H1 antagonists can bind to H1 receptors, H2 receptors, and muscarinic receptors."

"First-generation antihistamines are more selective than second-generation antihistamines."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Antihistamines primarily work by blocking the H1 receptors, which are the receptors responsible for mediating the actions of histamine in the body. By blocking these receptors, antihistamines prevent or reduce the effects of histamine, such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. This is the main mechanism by which antihistamines provide their therapeutic effects. "Antihistamines block release of histamine from mast cells and basophils." This statement is incorrect. Antihistamines do not block the release of histamine; instead, they block the histamine receptors to prevent the effects of histamine.

"H1 antagonists can bind to H1 receptors, H2 receptors, and muscarinic receptors." This statement is incorrect. H1 antagonists, or H1 receptor blockers, specifically bind to H1 receptors and do not have significant affinity for H2 receptors or muscarinic receptors. "First-generation antihistamines are more selective than second-generation antihistamines." This statement is incorrect. First-generation antihistamines are generally less selective and can have more sedating and anticholinergic effects compared to second-generation antihistamines, which are designed to be more selective for H1 receptors and have reduced sedative properties.

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Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

Crackles and wheezing indicate the presence of excessive mucus or secretions in the airways, which may require suctioning to clear the airway and improve breathing.

The presence of serosanguineous drainage on the tracheostomy dressing may indicate increased mucus production or bleeding, suggesting the need for suctioning to remove secretions or assess for any bleeding complications.

Regular suctioning is necessary to maintain a patent airway for patients with a tracheostomy. If suctioning was performed more than 4 hours ago, it may be time for another suctioning session to prevent the accumulation of secretions and maintain airway clearance. While a fever may indicate an underlying infection or inflammation, it does not specifically indicate the need for suctioning. The decision to suction should be based on the patient's respiratory assessment and the presence of respiratory symptoms.

While patient requests and preferences are important, the need for suctioning should be determined based on clinical indicators and assessment findings rather than solely relying on patient requests.

A. Foot B. Forehead C. Ankle D. Chest E. Sacrum

Correct Answer is E

Explanation

Dependent edema refers to the accumulation of fluid in the dependent parts of the body, which are areas that are most affected by gravity when a person is in a supine or sitting position for an extended period. The sacrum, which is the triangular bone at the base of the spine, is one such dependent area. It is prone to developing edema when there is increased fluid retention in the body, as seen in the patient's weight gain.

To assess for dependent edema accurately, the nurse can gently press the skin over the sacral area with their fingers and observe the skin turgor or the return of the skin to its normal position after releasing the pressure. If there is edema, the skin may have reduced elasticity and take longer to return to its normal position (poor skin turgor).

While edema can occur in other dependent areas such as the feet, ankles, and lower legs, assessing skin turgor in these areas may not provide an accurate determination of dependent edema as they are located further away from the sacrum and may be influenced by other factors.

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A nursing instructor is teaching a group of nursing students about antihistamines. Which statement by a student indicates an understanding of the mechanism of action of the antihistamines?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which condition or changes indicate to the nurse that a patient with a tracheostomy requires suctioning? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

The patient who is confined to bed in the supine position has gained 5 lbs. in the last 48 hours. In which area does the nurse assess skin turgor for accurate determination of dependent edema?

Correct Answer is E

Explanation

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