The nurse is planning to teach the patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about foods or beverages that decrease lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure. What should be included in this list (select all that apply)?

Alcohol

Chocolate

Peppermint

Citrus fruits

Cola sodas

Fatty foods

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E,F

1. Alcohol: Alcohol can relax the LES, leading to increased reflux symptoms. 2. Chocolate: Chocolate contains compounds that can relax the LES and contribute to reflux symptoms.

3. Peppermint: Peppermint, including peppermint oil and peppermint-flavored foods, can relax the LES and worsen reflux symptoms.

4. Citrus fruits: Citrus fruits and juices, such as oranges, grapefruits, and lemons, are acidic and can irritate the esophagus, exacerbating GERD symptoms.

5. Cola sodas: Cola sodas, including both regular and diet varieties, can contribute to reflux symptoms due to their carbonation and acidic content.

6. Fatty foods: High-fat foods, such as fried foods, fatty meats, and full-fat dairy products, can delay stomach emptying and increase pressure on the LES, leading to reflux.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Aminophylline is a bronchodilator that belongs to the xanthine derivative class of medications. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles surrounding the bronchial airways, which leads to bronchodilation. By dilating the airways, aminophylline helps to relieve bronchospasm, improve airflow, and facilitate easier breathing.

Prevent Infection: Aminophylline is not an antimicrobial medication, and its primary action is not related to preventing or treating infections.

Suppress the cough: While aminophylline may have some antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects, its primary action is bronchodilation rather than directly suppressing the cough reflex. Promote Expectoration: Aminophylline is not primarily indicated for promoting expectoration (bringing up mucus). It mainly focuses on bronchodilation to improve airflow and relieve bronchospasm.

A. Melena B. Decreased vision C. Pancytopenia D. Hyperglycemia

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Pancytopenia refers to a decrease in all three major blood cell types: red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (leukopenia), and platelets (thrombocytopenia). It is a potentially serious side effect that can lead to increased susceptibility to infections, anemia-related symptoms (fatigue, weakness), and an increased risk of bleeding. Prompt reporting is necessary for further

evaluation and appropriate management.

While melena (dark, tarry stools) is a concerning side effect, it typically indicates gastrointestinal bleeding, which should also be reported promptly but may not require immediate action unless the bleeding is severe or accompanied by other symptoms.

Decreased vision can be a side effect of certain medications, including NSAIDs, but it does not usually require immediate reporting unless it is severe or rapidly progressive. Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) can occur with NSAID therapy, especially in individuals with preexisting diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. While it should be monitored and managed appropriately, it does not typically require immediate reporting unless it is extremely high or associated with other concerning symptoms.

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The nurse is planning to teach the patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about foods or beverages that decrease lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure. What should be included in this list (select all that apply)?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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The nurse is planning to teach the patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about foods or beverages that decrease lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure. What should be included in this list (select all that apply)?