A nursing instructor is teaching students about self-help groups like Alcoholics Anonymous. (A). Which student statement indicates that learning has occurred?

A. Restate a feeling or thought the patient has expressed: Restating a feeling or thought the patient has expressed shows active listening and genuine interest in understanding the client's perspective. It demonstrates empathy and encourages further communication.

B. Make a judgment about the client's problem: Making a judgment about the client's problem can be perceived as non-empathetic and may hinder effective communication. It can create barriers and reduce the client's willingness to share their thoughts and feelings openly.

C. Say, "I understand what you're saying": While saying "I understand what you're saying" can show acknowledgment, it may come across as superficial or dismissive if not accompanied by active listening behaviors. It's important to demonstrate understanding through active listening techniques rather than just verbal reassurances.

D. Ask a direct question, such as, "Did you feel angry?": Asking direct questions can be helpful for clarification or gathering specific information, but it may not necessarily communicate genuine interest in listening. Direct questions should be used appropriately and complemented with active listening skills to foster effective communication.

A. Individual psychotherapy: Individual psychotherapy typically focuses on exploring and addressing individual thoughts, feelings, and behaviors through therapeutic techniques such as talk therapy. It does not specifically involve the use of rewards or consequences for behavior modification, as seen in the scenario of giving tickets for good behavior.

B. Reality Therapy: Reality Therapy, developed by William Glasser, emphasizes personal responsibility and choices. It involves setting specific goals and evaluating behaviors in relation to these goals. In the context of the scenario, giving tickets for good behavior and not giving them for poor behavior aligns with Reality Therapy's focus on consequences and choices.

C. Cognitive Therapy: Cognitive Therapy focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and beliefs that contribute to emotional distress and maladaptive behaviors. While it may incorporate behavioral techniques, such as behavioral activation, it primarily targets cognitive processes rather than directly using rewards or consequences for behavior modification.

D. Behavioral therapy: Behavioral therapy, including approaches like Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), focuses on modifying behaviors through reinforcement (positive or negative) and shaping behavior using rewards or consequences. Giving tickets for good behavior and withholding them for poor behavior reflects a behavioral approach to therapy.