A patient diagnosed with Heart Failure would like the nurse to explain what the diagnosis means.
How will the nurse explain heart failure?

The heart muscle cannot pump effectively, causing a backup of blood.

Increased protein leads to reduced oncotic pressure and inability to pull the fluid into the system.

The hydrostatic pressure pushing fluids out of the capillary is lower than the oncotic pressure.

The decrease in venous pressure from the backup of blood increases hydrostatic pressure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Heart failure occurs when the heart muscle cannot pump blood effectively, leading to a backup of blood and fluid buildup in the lungs, legs, and other parts of the body. This explanation is accurate and helps the patient understand the nature of their condition.

Choice B rationale

Reduced oncotic pressure due to increased protein levels is not a primary factor in heart failure. Heart failure is related to the heart’s inability to pump effectively, not protein levels affecting oncotic pressure.

Choice C rationale

Hydrostatic pressure pushing fluids out of the capillaries is not directly related to heart failure. In heart failure, the issue lies in the heart’s inability to pump blood efficiently, leading to fluid buildup rather than fluid being pushed out of capillaries.

Choice D rationale

The decrease in venous pressure from the backup of blood does not cause heart failure. Heart failure results from the heart’s inability to pump blood effectively, leading to increased pressure and fluid buildup, not a decrease in venous pressure.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Deoxygenated blood from the lungs would not flow to the left atrium or through the pulmonary artery.

Choice B rationale

Deoxygenated blood from the lungs would not enter the right atrium or flow through the pulmonary artery.

Choice C rationale

Oxygenated blood from the lungs does not enter the right atrium through the pulmonary veins.

Choice D rationale

Correct, oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.

A. Platelet count. B. Activated thromboplastin time (APT). C. Red blood count (RBC). D. Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR).

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Platelet count measures the number of platelets in the blood, which are essential for blood clotting. However, it is not specific to monitoring the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.

Choice B rationale

Activated thromboplastin time (APT) measures the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and is typically used to monitor heparin therapy, not warfarin.

Choice C rationale

Red blood count (RBC) measures the number of red blood cells in the blood, which can indicate anemia but is unrelated to the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.

Choice D rationale

Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) are specific tests used to monitor the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. PT measures the time it takes for blood to clot, and INR standardizes this measurement to ensure consistency across different laboratories.

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A patient diagnosed with Heart Failure would like the nurse to explain what the diagnosis means.How will the nurse explain heart failure?

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A patient diagnosed with Heart Failure would like the nurse to explain what the diagnosis means.
How will the nurse explain heart failure?