A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia may demonstrate these positive symptoms (select all that apply) :
Answering questions with nonsensical phrases.
Seeing, hearing, or feeling something that is not really there.
The feeling that external events such as the weather forecast or news story have special meaning for the patient.
Trouble staying on a schedule or finishing what the patient starts.
Inability to socially connect with others.
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Choice A reason : Answering questions with nonsensical phrases is a positive symptom of schizophrenia. It reflects disorganized thinking and speech, which can manifest as incoherence or irrelevance in the patient's verbal communication². This symptom can significantly impair the patient's ability to engage in meaningful conversation and is often one of the more noticeable signs of schizophrenia during an assessment³.
Choice B reason : Seeing, hearing, or feeling something that is not really there, also known as hallucinations, are hallmark positive symptoms of schizophrenia. These sensory experiences occur without an external stimulus and can involve any of the senses, although auditory hallucinations are the most common in schizophrenia². Hallucinations can be extremely distressing for patients and can lead to difficulties in distinguishing reality from delusion³.
Choice C reason : The belief that personal significance is attached to trivial or unrelated external events, known as delusions of reference, is another positive symptom of schizophrenia. Patients may believe that messages are being sent to them through the television, radio, or other public means². This can lead to a profound sense of misunderstanding and isolation as the patient navigates a world they perceive as filled with hidden messages meant specifically for them³.
Choice D reason : While trouble staying on a schedule or finishing tasks can be associated with schizophrenia, it is not considered a positive symptom. These issues are more reflective of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, which include avolition or the lack of motivation to initiate and complete goal-directed activities⁴.
Choice E reason : An inability to socially connect with others is also not a positive symptom but rather a negative symptom of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms represent a loss or a decrease in the ability to initiate plans, speak, express emotion, or find pleasure in everyday life⁴. Social withdrawal and impaired social interaction are common negative symptoms that can be mistaken for introversion or depression³.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason : Tarry stools, also known as melena, can be a sign of gastrointestinal bleeding, which may occur in cirrhosis due to the development of esophageal varices. However, it is not a direct symptom of cirrhosis itself but rather a complication that can arise from the condition¹.
Choice B reason : Blood in the urine is not a typical finding associated with cirrhosis. While cirrhosis can lead to problems with kidney function, hematuria is not a direct symptom of liver disease and may indicate other urological conditions¹.
Choice C reason : Moist skin is not commonly associated with cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis often experience skin changes, but these typically include jaundice, bruising, and spider angiomas, not increased moisture of the skin¹.
Choice D reason : Spider angiomas are a common finding in cirrhosis. They are small, spider-like capillaries visible under the skin and are caused by the increased estrogen levels that occur due to the liver's inability to metabolize hormones properly. They are most often found on the face, neck, upper chest, and arms¹².
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason : Pupillary changes, such as unequal pupil sizes or a sluggish reaction to light, can be a sign of increased ICP. The cranial nerves that control the pupils may be compressed due to the swelling of the brain, leading to these changes¹.
Choice B reason : Disorientation, including confusion and changes in alertness, can occur with increased ICP as the pressure affects the brain's ability to process information and maintain consciousness².
Choice C reason : Headache is a common symptom of increased ICP. It can be severe and persistent due to the pressure exerted on the meninges and blood vessels within the brain³.
Choice D reason : Slurred speech may result from increased ICP if the areas of the brain responsible for speech and muscle control are affected by the pressure².
Choice E reason : Neck pain and stiffness, particularly when trying to flex the neck forward, can be indicative of meningeal irritation, which can be associated with increased ICP⁴.
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