After teaching a client who is prescribed a restricted sodium diet, a nurse assesses the client's understanding. Which food choice for lunch indicates the client correctly understood the teaching?

Slices of smoked ham with potato salad

Bowl of tomato soup with a grilled cheese sandwich

Salami and cheese on whole wheat crackers

Grilled chicken breast with glazed carrots

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Slices of smoked ham with potato salad: Smoked ham is high in sodium, hence inappropriate for someone on a restricted sodium diet. Potato salad, depending on preparation, can also be high in sodium due to added salt or processed ingredients.

B. Bowl of tomato soup with a grilled cheese sandwich: Both tomato soup and a grilled cheese sandwich often contain high amounts of sodium, especially if made with canned soup or processed cheese. This would not be suitable for a restricted sodium diet.

C. Salami and cheese on whole wheat crackers: Both salami and cheese are high in sodium, making this a poor choice for someone following a restricted sodium diet.

D. Grilled chicken breast with glazed carrots: Grilled chicken breast is a lean protein with minimal sodium, and glazed carrots, if prepared without added salt or high-sodium ingredients, can be a suitable option. This meal aligns with a restricted sodium diet.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Tenderness at the IV site: Tenderness at the IV site could indicate irritation or minor inflammation, but it is not the most concerning finding in this situation. It is a common issue with IV therapy and does not indicate a life-threatening condition.

B. Urine specific gravity is 1.018: A urine specific gravity of 1.018 is within the normal range (1.005 to 1.030), indicating adequate hydration. This is not an alarming finding in the context of IV fluid infusion.

C. Capillary refill is < 3 seconds: A capillary refill time of less than 3 seconds indicates good peripheral circulation, which is a positive sign and does not raise immediate concern regarding fluid status or complications from the IV infusion.

D. Newly noted crackles in the lungs: Crackles in the lungs can indicate fluid overload, which is a serious concern in older adults, particularly when receiving IV fluids like 0.45% normal saline. This suggests that the body is struggling to manage the fluid volume, leading to pulmonary complications.

A. Diabetes mellitus B. Myasthenia gravis C. Asthma D. Cancer

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus, particularly when poorly controlled, can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is a common cause of metabolic acidosis. In DKA, the body produces excessive acidic ketones due to a lack of insulin, leading to a decrease in blood pH and the development of metabolic acidosis.

B. Myasthenia gravis: Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness, but it does not directly affect the body’s acid-base balance. It is not a condition that leads to metabolic acidosis.

C. Asthma: Asthma can cause respiratory acidosis if there is significant hypoventilation or airway obstruction, but it is not a cause of metabolic acidosis. Asthma mainly affects the respiratory system, leading to a potential for CO2 retention, not metabolic acidosis.

D. Cancer: While cancer can contribute to various metabolic disturbances, it is not a direct cause of metabolic acidosis unless there are complications such as kidney failure, severe infections, or tumor lysis syndrome. Diabetes mellitus is a more common and direct cause of metabolic acidosis

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After teaching a client who is prescribed a restricted sodium diet, a nurse assesses the client's understanding. Which food choice for lunch indicates the client correctly understood the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

An older adult patient has an intravenous infusion of 0.45% normal saline infusing at 150 mL/hr. The nurse is most concerned by which of the following assessment findings?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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