A patient has local dilation of a blood vessel with weakening of its walls.
Which condition does this describe?

A. A polypeptide chain of the Hgb structure is deficient. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in one of the polypeptide chains (alpha or beta) that make up hemoglobin (Hgb). This leads to abnormal hemoglobin formation and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

B. A thrombus forms at an area of inflammation. Thrombus formation is related to blood clotting disorders or vascular injury, not to the pathophysiology of thalassemia.

C. Hgb synthesis is reduced. In thalassemia, the synthesis of hemoglobin is reduced due to the defective production of one of its chains, leading to anemia and other complications.

D. A region of arterial wall bulges: This describes an aneurysm, which is unrelated to thalassemia.

E. A high shearing force acts on arterial walls: This is associated with conditions like hypertension or atherosclerosis, not thalassemia.

F. Ventricular contractile function decreases: This is related to heart failure or cardiomyopathy and is not a feature of thalassemia.

A. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea: These symptoms are not specific to hyponatremia and can be seen in various conditions.

B. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain and constipation: Constipation is not typically associated with hyponatremia.

C. Neurological symptoms such as confusion, irritability, or lethargy: Hyponatremia, which is low sodium levels in the blood, often leads to neurological symptoms like confusion, irritability, lethargy, seizures, and in severe cases, coma, due to the effect of low sodium on brain cells.

D. Neurological symptoms such as numbness and tingling of the hands and feet: Numbness and tingling are more commonly associated with electrolyte imbalances such as hypocalcemia or hypomagnesemia, rather than hyponatremia.