Which statement characterizes acute glomerulonephritis?
Calculi form in the kidney and potentially travel into the ureter.
Antigen-antibody complexes cause nephron dysfunction.
Bacteria invade and grow in the urethra.
The renal pelvis and interstitium become infected.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Calculi form in the kidney and potentially travel into the ureter: This describes nephrolithiasis (kidney stones), not glomerulonephritis.
B. Antigen-antibody complexes cause nephron dysfunction: Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the glomeruli, leading to inflammation and impaired kidney function. This can result from infections, autoimmune diseases, or other causes.
C. Bacteria invade and grow in the urethra: This describes a urinary tract infection (UTI), not glomerulonephritis.
D. The renal pelvis and interstitium become infected: This describes pyelonephritis, not glomerulonephritis.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["C"]
Explanation
A. Exposure to diesel exhaust: This is unrelated to nephrolithiasis.
B. Atherosclerosis: This relates to cardiovascular disease, not kidney stones.
C. High-sodium diet increases calcium excretion in the urine, which can contribute to the formation of calcium-containing kidney stones, a common form of nephrolithiasis.
D. Obesity is a known risk factor for nephrolithiasis. It can lead to changes in urine composition that favor stone formation.
E. Radiotherapy to the pelvis: While radiotherapy can affect surrounding tissues, it is not a direct cause of nephrolithiasis.
F. Long-term urinary catheter: This is more related to infections and bladder stones rather than kidney stones.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
A. Aneurysm: Uncontrolled hypertension can cause the walls of arteries to weaken and bulge, leading to an aneurysm. Aneurysms can rupture and lead to life-threatening hemorrhage.
B. Fatal intracerebral hemorrhage: Hypertension is a major risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage, where a blood vessel in the brain bursts, leading to a stroke that can be fatal.
C. Papillary muscle rupture: Papillary muscle rupture is more commonly associated with myocardial infarction rather than hypertension alone.
D. Stroke: Hypertension increases the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes by causing damage to the blood vessels in the brain, leading to blockages or ruptures.
E. Thromboembolism: While hypertension can contribute to conditions that predispose to thromboembolism, it is not a direct cause of thromboembolism itself.
F. Ventricular rupture: Ventricular rupture is typically associated with myocardial infarction, not directly with hypertension.
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