What is an example of a form of anemia that is a form of hemolytic anemia?

A. Calculi form in the kidney and potentially travel into the ureter: This describes nephrolithiasis (kidney stones), not glomerulonephritis.

B. Antigen-antibody complexes cause nephron dysfunction: Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the glomeruli, leading to inflammation and impaired kidney function. This can result from infections, autoimmune diseases, or other causes.

C. Bacteria invade and grow in the urethra: This describes a urinary tract infection (UTI), not glomerulonephritis.

D. The renal pelvis and interstitium become infected: This describes pyelonephritis, not glomerulonephritis.

A. Heart failure is a common cause of pleural effusion because the heart's inability to pump effectively leads to fluid accumulation in the lungs and pleural space.

B. Severe pulmonary infection, such as pneumonia, can cause inflammation and fluid accumulation in the pleural space, leading to pleural effusion.

C. Pulmonary hypertension: While pulmonary hypertension can cause fluid overload and respiratory issues, it is not a direct cause of pleural effusion.

D. Collagen vascular disease COPD like lupus can cause pleural effusion, but COPD is typically associated with other lung issues like emphysema or chronic bronchitis, not directly with pleural effusion.

E. Emphysema is a chronic lung condition that involves the destruction of alveoli but is not directly related to the development of pleural effusion.