A patient is admitted with acute liver failure and encephalopathy. Which dietary restrictions should be maintained for the patient?

Protein and calcium

Protein and sodium

Fat and magnesium

Carbohydrate and potassium

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Protein may be restricted in cases of liver failure to prevent ammonia buildup, but calcium isn't typically restricted in liver failure.
B. In acute liver failure and encephalopathy, protein may be restricted to minimize ammonia production, and sodium may be restricted to manage fluid retention and prevent further complications.
C. Fat and magnesium are not typically restricted in this condition.
D. Carbohydrate and potassium are not primary dietary restrictions for acute liver failure.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Evaluating the patient's level of consciousness using the Glasgow Coma Scale is important, but it is secondary to ensuring that the airway is open and that breathing is maintained.
B. Informing the patient that the RN-FNE cannot act on the patient's behalf is unnecessary at this point; the priority is immediate medical intervention.
C. Monitoring vital signs, such as blood pressure and pulse, is crucial but secondary to addressing immediate life-threatening conditions like airway compromise.
D. Assessing the patient's airway is the priority because airway compromise is the most critical issue in emergency care. The RN-FNE must stabilize the patient's airway first before proceeding with other assessments.

A. Auscultate the right upper quadrant of the abdomen while injecting air into the tube. B. Obtain radiography of the abdomen C. Auscultate the left upper quadrant of the abdomen while injecting air into the tube. D. Check the pH of fluid aspirated from the tube.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Auscultating the right upper quadrant of the abdomen while injecting air into the tube is an outdated and unreliable method for confirming tube placement. This technique can lead to false positives and is not recommended.
B. Obtaining radiography of the abdomen is a highly accurate method for confirming nasogastric tube placement but is not always the first-line method due to the need for imaging and exposure to radiation. However, it may be used if other methods are uncertain.
C. Auscultating the left upper quadrant of the abdomen while injecting air into the tube is another outdated and unreliable method, similar to auscultating the right upper quadrant.
D. Checking the pH of fluid aspirated from the tube is the most accurate and recommended method. Gastric fluid typically has a pH of 1.5 to 3.5, whereas respiratory or intestinal fluids have higher pH levels. Checking the pH is a simple and reliable way to confirm the placement of the nasogastric tube.

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A patient is admitted with acute liver failure and encephalopathy. Which dietary restrictions should be maintained for the patient?

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