A patient is complaining of a black large spot in the center of their vision.
The nurse determines this manifestation as central vision loss.
Which eye disorder below is consistent with this symptom?

Choice A rationale

Loss of peripheral vision is more commonly associated with glaucoma, where increased intraocular pressure damages the optic nerve. This condition leads to gradual loss of peripheral vision, often described as "tunnel vision.”. Cataracts typically do not cause this symptom.

Choice B rationale

Cataracts involve the clouding of the eye's natural lens, leading to blurred vision and decreased ability to perceive colors. The clouding scatters light, reducing the clarity of color perception and overall vision. This symptom is consistent with cataract formation.

Choice C rationale

Seeing bright flashes of light and floaters is more commonly associated with retinal detachment or posterior vitreous detachment. These conditions involve changes in the retina or vitreous humor, leading to such visual disturbances. Cataracts do not typically cause these symptoms.

Choice D rationale

Loss of central vision is more commonly associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), where the central part of the retina (macula) deteriorates. This condition affects central vision, making activities like reading and recognizing faces difficult. Cataracts primarily cause generalized blurred vision, not central vision loss.

Choice A rationale

Patches of eschar covering parts of the wound are characteristic of more advanced pressure ulcers, such as Stage III or IV, where necrotic tissue is present. Eschar is a dark, thick, leathery scab or crust that indicates deeper tissue damage and is not observed in Stage II pressure ulcers.

Choice B rationale

A Stage II pressure ulcer is characterized by partial thickness skin erosion with loss of the epidermis and dermis. It appears as a shallow open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed, indicating that the damage has not extended beyond these layers of skin.

Choice C rationale

When a pressure ulcer extends into the subcutaneous tissue, it is classified as a Stage III or IV ulcer, depending on the depth and extent of tissue involvement. Stage II ulcers are limited to the epidermis and dermis and do not reach the subcutaneous layer.

Choice D rationale

Intact skin that appears red but is not broken is indicative of a Stage I pressure ulcer, which represents the earliest stage of pressure injury. Stage I ulcers involve non-blanchable erythema (redness) but no open wound or skin erosion.

Choice E rationale

Open blister areas with a red-pink wound bed are characteristic of Stage II pressure ulcers. These ulcers exhibit partial thickness skin loss and can present as open or fluid-filled blisters with a visible wound bed.

Choice F rationale

Localized redness in light skin that blanches with fingertip pressure is typical of a Stage I pressure ulcer. Blanching erythema indicates that the skin is still viable and blood flow is present, which differentiates Stage I from more advanced stages of pressure injury.