A patient is complaining of a black large spot in the center of their vision.
The nurse determines this manifestation as central vision loss.
Which eye disorder below is consistent with this symptom?
Glaucoma.
Detached retina.
Macular degeneration.
Diabetic retinopathy.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure that can lead to optic nerve damage and peripheral vision loss. It does not typically cause central vision loss or the presence of a large black spot in the center of vision.
Choice B rationale
A detached retina often causes the sudden appearance of floaters or flashes of light, and a shadow or curtain effect in the peripheral vision. It does not typically present as a black spot in the center of vision.
Choice C rationale
Macular degeneration is an age-related condition that affects the central part of the retina (macula). It leads to central vision loss, which can manifest as a black or dark spot in the center of vision. This condition progressively impairs the ability to see fine details and perform activities like reading or recognizing faces.
Choice D rationale
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina. It can cause vision changes, such as floaters or blurred vision, but it does not typically present as a large black spot in the center of vision.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Pallor refers to the pale appearance of the skin due to decreased blood flow or decreased hemoglobin levels. It is often seen in conditions such as anemia, where there is a reduced number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to a lack of the red-pink tones normally present in healthy skin.
Choice B rationale
Cyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood. It is often seen in respiratory or cardiovascular conditions where there is a decrease in oxygen levels. Cyanosis does not describe the absence of red-pink tones from decreased hemoglobin.
Choice C rationale
Jaundice refers to a yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. It is often seen in liver conditions or hemolysis. Jaundice is not related to decreased hemoglobin levels or the absence of red-pink tones in the skin.
Choice D rationale
Erythema refers to redness of the skin caused by increased blood flow to the capillaries in the dermis. It is often associated with inflammation, infection, or skin irritation. Erythema indicates increased blood flow, not decreased hemoglobin levels.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Lordosis refers to an excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine, often referred to as swayback. This condition causes the lower back to arch more than normal, leading to a prominent abdomen and buttocks. Lordosis does not affect the thoracic spine and does not cause an exaggerated curvature in that region.
Choice B rationale
Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine that results in an S- or C-shaped curve. It can occur in the thoracic, lumbar, or cervical regions of the spine. Scoliosis involves a sideways deviation rather than an exaggerated curvature in the thoracic spine.
Choice C rationale
Spinal dysplasia is a broad term that refers to various congenital abnormalities affecting the development of the spine. It includes conditions such as spina bifida, kyphosis, and scoliosis, each with distinct characteristics. The term itself does not specify an exaggerated thoracic curvature.
Choice D rationale
Kyphosis is an exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic spine, resulting in a rounded or hunched back appearance. This condition is common in elderly individuals and can be caused by factors such as osteoporosis, vertebral fractures, or degenerative changes. It leads to a noticeable forward bend of the upper back.
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