The nurse is interviewing a client who states the presence of urinary incontinence with coughing and sneezing.
The nurse would correctly document this type of incontinence as which of the following?
Functional.
Reflex.
Stress.
Urge.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Functional incontinence occurs when an individual cannot reach the bathroom in time due to physical or cognitive limitations. It is not related to stress or pressure on the bladder but rather to external factors that impede timely access to toileting facilities.
Choice B rationale
Reflex incontinence is characterized by involuntary loss of urine due to a lack of signal awareness or detrusor muscle overactivity. It is typically associated with neurological conditions such as spinal cord injuries or multiple sclerosis. This type of incontinence does not involve stress-related triggers like coughing or sneezing.
Choice C rationale
Stress incontinence involves the involuntary leakage of urine during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or physical exertion. This type of incontinence is commonly seen in women, particularly after childbirth or during menopause, due to weakened pelvic floor muscles or sphincter dysfunction.
Choice D rationale
Urge incontinence is characterized by a sudden and intense urge to urinate, often resulting in involuntary urine leakage before reaching the bathroom. It is typically caused by overactive bladder muscles or nerve signals and is not specifically triggered by actions like coughing or sneezing.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Alcohol consumption, obesity, diabetes, stress, and high cholesterol are all significant risk factors for heart disease. However, smoking is not listed in this choice. Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease as it damages the lining of the arteries, leads to the build-up of fatty deposits (atherosclerosis), and increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
Choice B rationale
Smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol are all major risk factors for heart disease. Smoking contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and increases the risk of heart attacks. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, strains the heart and blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart disease. Obesity is linked to multiple risk factors, including high cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension. Diabetes can cause damage to blood vessels and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. High cholesterol contributes to the formation of plaques in the arteries, leading to atherosclerosis.
Choice C rationale
Personality type is not a major risk factor for heart disease. Although certain personality traits, such as Type A behavior (characterized by competitiveness, urgency, and hostility), have been associated with increased stress and a higher risk of cardiovascular events, they are not considered primary risk factors. High cholesterol, diabetes, and smoking are significant risk factors, but this choice does not include hypertension or obesity, which are also crucial risk factors for heart disease.
Choice D rationale
Family history, hypertension, stress, and age are important risk factors for heart disease, but this choice does not include some key factors such as smoking, obesity, or diabetes. Family history of heart disease can indicate a genetic predisposition to cardiovascular conditions. Hypertension and stress contribute to cardiovascular risk, and age is a non-modifiable risk factor as the risk of heart disease increases with age. However, the absence of smoking, obesity, and diabetes makes this choice less comprehensive in assessing heart disease risk factors. .
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A decreased angle between the cuticles and the nails is not indicative of clubbing. In fact, it is often associated with healthy nails. Clubbing is recognized by changes that increase the angle between the nail bed and the cuticle.
Choice B rationale
An upward curving of the nails, known as koilonychia or spoon nails, is not characteristic of clubbing but is often associated with iron-deficiency anemia. Hence, this answer is incorrect for clubbing.
Choice C rationale
Blue nails indicate cyanosis, which is related to a lack of oxygen in the blood. This is distinct from clubbing, which is more about the shape and angle of the nails rather than their color.
Choice D rationale
Clubbing is recognized by an increase in the angle between the nail bed and the cuticle, often greater than 160 degrees. This is a hallmark feature and the correct indicator of clubbing.
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