A patient is especially worried about an area of skin on her feet that has turned white.
The health care provider has told her that her condition is vitiligo.
The nurse explains to her that vitiligo is:

Caused by the complete absence of melanin pigment.

Caused by an excess of apocrine glands in her feet.

Related to impetigo and can be treated with an ointment.

Caused by an excess of melanin pigment.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Vitiligo is a condition caused by the destruction or malfunction of melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin pigment. This leads to the development of white patches on the skin, as melanin is absent in these areas. Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition and can affect any part of the body, including the skin, hair, and mucous membranes.

Choice B rationale

Excess apocrine glands in the feet are not related to vitiligo. Apocrine glands are sweat glands found primarily in the underarm and genital areas and are responsible for the secretion of a thick, odorless fluid. Their overactivity does not result in the white patches seen in vitiligo.

Choice C rationale

Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection characterized by red sores, blisters, and crusting. It is not related to vitiligo and does not cause depigmentation. Impetigo is treated with antibiotics, whereas vitiligo requires different management strategies to address the loss of pigment.

Choice D rationale

Vitiligo is not caused by an excess of melanin pigment. Rather, it is the result of melanin loss or the absence of melanocytes in certain areas of the skin, leading to the characteristic white patches.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Flatness is the percussion sound typically heard over muscles and solid tissues. It is characterized by a high-pitched, soft sound, which indicates that the underlying tissue is denser and less air-filled compared to lungs.

Choice B rationale

Dullness is heard over solid organs such as the liver or spleen but not typically over muscles.

Choice C rationale

Tympany is a drum-like sound heard over areas filled with gas, such as the stomach or intestines.

Choice D rationale

Resonance is heard over air-filled lungs and not over muscles and solid tissues.

A. Patches of eschar cover parts of the wound. B. Partial thickness skin erosion is observed with a loss of dermis and epidermis. C. Ulcer extends into the subcutaneous tissue. D. Intact skin appears red but not broken. E. Open blister areas have a red-pink wound bed. F. Localized redness in light skin will blanch with fingertip pressure.

Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Patches of eschar covering parts of the wound are characteristic of more advanced pressure ulcers, such as Stage III or IV, where necrotic tissue is present. Eschar is a dark, thick, leathery scab or crust that indicates deeper tissue damage and is not observed in Stage II pressure ulcers.

Choice B rationale

A Stage II pressure ulcer is characterized by partial thickness skin erosion with loss of the epidermis and dermis. It appears as a shallow open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed, indicating that the damage has not extended beyond these layers of skin.

Choice C rationale

When a pressure ulcer extends into the subcutaneous tissue, it is classified as a Stage III or IV ulcer, depending on the depth and extent of tissue involvement. Stage II ulcers are limited to the epidermis and dermis and do not reach the subcutaneous layer.

Choice D rationale

Intact skin that appears red but is not broken is indicative of a Stage I pressure ulcer, which represents the earliest stage of pressure injury. Stage I ulcers involve non-blanchable erythema (redness) but no open wound or skin erosion.

Choice E rationale

Open blister areas with a red-pink wound bed are characteristic of Stage II pressure ulcers. These ulcers exhibit partial thickness skin loss and can present as open or fluid-filled blisters with a visible wound bed.

Choice F rationale

Localized redness in light skin that blanches with fingertip pressure is typical of a Stage I pressure ulcer. Blanching erythema indicates that the skin is still viable and blood flow is present, which differentiates Stage I from more advanced stages of pressure injury.

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A patient is especially worried about an area of skin on her feet that has turned white.The health care provider has told her that her condition is vitiligo.The nurse explains to her that vitiligo is:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse expects to hear which percussion sounds over muscles and tissues?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient has been admitted to the hospital after the staff at a nursing home noticed a pressure ulcer on his sacral area.The nurse examines the sacral ulcer and determines it is a Stage II ulcer.Which of these findings is characteristic of a Stage II pressure ulcer?

Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

A student nurse is reviewing for an upcoming final examination and recognizes in the ECG readings that the T wave represents which of the following?

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In performing a breast examination, the nurse knows that examining the upper outer quadrant of the breast is especially important.The reason for this is that the upper quadrant is:

The nurse is inspecting the gums on a patient and notices redness and bleeding.Which unexpected finding is present?

A patient is especially worried about an area of skin on her feet that has turned white.
The health care provider has told her that her condition is vitiligo.
The nurse explains to her that vitiligo is: