A patient is especially worried about an area of skin on her feet that has turned white.
The health care provider has told her that her condition is vitiligo.
The nurse explains to her that vitiligo is:

Caused by the complete absence of melanin pigment.

Caused by an excess of apocrine glands in her feet.

Related to impetigo and can be treated with an ointment.

Caused by an excess of melanin pigment.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Vitiligo is a condition caused by the destruction or malfunction of melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin pigment. This leads to the development of white patches on the skin, as melanin is absent in these areas. Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition and can affect any part of the body, including the skin, hair, and mucous membranes.

Choice B rationale

Excess apocrine glands in the feet are not related to vitiligo. Apocrine glands are sweat glands found primarily in the underarm and genital areas and are responsible for the secretion of a thick, odorless fluid. Their overactivity does not result in the white patches seen in vitiligo.

Choice C rationale

Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection characterized by red sores, blisters, and crusting. It is not related to vitiligo and does not cause depigmentation. Impetigo is treated with antibiotics, whereas vitiligo requires different management strategies to address the loss of pigment.

Choice D rationale

Vitiligo is not caused by an excess of melanin pigment. Rather, it is the result of melanin loss or the absence of melanocytes in certain areas of the skin, leading to the characteristic white patches.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Without treatment, glaucoma can lead to blindness due to the progressive damage it causes to the optic nerve. Elevated intraocular pressure damages the optic nerve fibers, leading to peripheral vision loss and eventually total blindness if untreated.

Choice B rationale

Double vision is not a common symptom of glaucoma. Instead, glaucoma typically presents with symptoms like gradual peripheral vision loss, eye pain, and halos around lights.

Choice C rationale

Glaucoma is primarily caused by increased intraocular pressure, either due to overproduction of aqueous humor or improper drainage, not inadequate fluid production.

Choice D rationale

Use of eye drops helps to control intraocular pressure but does not improve vision; it helps to prevent further damage to the optic nerve.

A. Optic nerve. B. Abducens nerve. C. Hypoglossal nerve. D. Vestibulocochlear nerve.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

The optic nerve (CN II) is responsible for vision. It transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. Dysfunction in this nerve typically results in visual disturbances such as loss of vision, visual field defects, or difficulty in distinguishing colors. It does not control the movement or strength of the tongue.

Choice B rationale

The abducens nerve (CN VI) innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, which is responsible for abducting the eye (moving it outward). Dysfunction in this nerve can lead to strabismus (misalignment of the eyes), double vision, or inability to move the eye outward. It does not affect tongue movement or strength.

Choice C rationale

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) innervates the muscles of the tongue, controlling its movement and strength. Dysfunction in this nerve can result in difficulty protruding the tongue, poor strength against resistance, and impaired speech or swallowing. Therefore, the symptoms described in the question indicate a dysfunction of the hypoglossal nerve.

Choice D rationale

The vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) is responsible for hearing and balance. It transmits sound and equilibrium information from the inner ear to the brain. Dysfunction in this nerve can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, or balance problems. It does not control tongue movement or strength.

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A patient is especially worried about an area of skin on her feet that has turned white.The health care provider has told her that her condition is vitiligo.The nurse explains to her that vitiligo is:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing education for a client who has glaucoma.Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

On assessment of the client's tongue, the client is unable to protrude the tongue and has poor strength on testing against resistance.This would indicate dysfunction of which cranial nerve?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The daughter of an elderly client diagnosed with macular degeneration asks the nurse to explain this disorder.In formulating a response, the nurse would include information that this condition is characterized by which of the following?

The nurse is speaking to the client and suspects a weakness in eye muscle after observing the eyes cross.What test should the nurse administer to further assess this problem?

A student nurse is reviewing for an upcoming examination and recognizes in the ECG readings that the QRS wave represents which of the following?

A nurse is assessing cranial nerve VIII.What tests will be administered on the client?

A nurse is assessing a client at a dermatology clinic.Which of the following findings places the client at risk for developing malignant melanoma?

A 48-year-old male client was admitted in CCU.In assessing a client's major risk factors for heart disease, which should the nurse include when taking the client's subjective data?

A nurse in an ophthalmology clinic is interviewing a client who was referred by his primary care provider for suspicion of cataracts.The nurse should expect the client to report:

The nurse notices the client's physical appearance, behavior, mobility, and neurological status when they enter the room.Which of the following is the nurse assessing?

A patient is especially worried about an area of skin on her feet that has turned white.
The health care provider has told her that her condition is vitiligo.
The nurse explains to her that vitiligo is: