A patient is especially worried about an area of skin on her feet that has turned white.
The health care provider has told her that her condition is vitiligo.
The nurse explains to her that vitiligo is:

Caused by the complete absence of melanin pigment.

Caused by an excess of apocrine glands in her feet.

Related to impetigo and can be treated with an ointment.

Caused by an excess of melanin pigment.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Vitiligo is a condition caused by the destruction or malfunction of melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin pigment. This leads to the development of white patches on the skin, as melanin is absent in these areas. Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition and can affect any part of the body, including the skin, hair, and mucous membranes.

Choice B rationale

Excess apocrine glands in the feet are not related to vitiligo. Apocrine glands are sweat glands found primarily in the underarm and genital areas and are responsible for the secretion of a thick, odorless fluid. Their overactivity does not result in the white patches seen in vitiligo.

Choice C rationale

Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection characterized by red sores, blisters, and crusting. It is not related to vitiligo and does not cause depigmentation. Impetigo is treated with antibiotics, whereas vitiligo requires different management strategies to address the loss of pigment.

Choice D rationale

Vitiligo is not caused by an excess of melanin pigment. Rather, it is the result of melanin loss or the absence of melanocytes in certain areas of the skin, leading to the characteristic white patches.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

The Romberg test evaluates equilibrium by having the client stand with feet together and eyes closed, observing for swaying or imbalance. It assesses the function of the vestibular system, proprioception, and cerebellar function, making it the most appropriate test for assessing dizziness and equilibrium.

Choice B rationale

The Weber test involves placing a tuning fork on the forehead to evaluate sound lateralization. It assesses hearing loss but not equilibrium, making it less suitable for dizziness assessment.

Choice C rationale

The Rinne test compares air and bone conduction of sound using a tuning fork. While useful for diagnosing conductive hearing loss, it does not assess equilibrium, making it inappropriate for evaluating dizziness.

Choice D rationale

The cover test evaluates eye alignment and muscle function by having the client cover one eye and observe the uncovered eye for movement. It assesses ocular motility but not equilibrium, making it unsuitable for dizziness assessment.

A. Abducens cranial nerve (CN V). B. Optic cranial nerve (CN I). C. Trochlear cranial nerve (CN VI). D. Oculomotor cranial nerve (CN II).

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

The abducens cranial nerve (CN VI) controls the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, which is responsible for outward movement. It is not assessed using the Snellen visual acuity chart. The function of this nerve is tested through the evaluation of lateral eye movements.

Choice B rationale

The optic cranial nerve (CN II) is responsible for vision, including visual acuity and visual fields. It is assessed using the Snellen visual acuity chart to determine how well a person can see at various distances. This test evaluates the clarity and sharpness of vision, making CN II the correct answer.

Choice C rationale

The trochlear cranial nerve (CN IV) controls the superior oblique muscle, which helps with downward and inward eye movements. It is not assessed using the Snellen visual acuity chart but rather through the evaluation of eye movements and alignment.

Choice D rationale

The oculomotor cranial nerve (CN III) controls most of the eye's movements, including those of the superior, inferior, and medial rectus muscles, as well as the inferior oblique muscle. It is also responsible for controlling the pupil's response to light. The Snellen visual acuity chart does not assess the function of CN III, as it focuses on visual clarity and acuity.

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A patient is especially worried about an area of skin on her feet that has turned white.The health care provider has told her that her condition is vitiligo.The nurse explains to her that vitiligo is:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client reports dizziness on her yearly physical exam.Which of the following tests would be the most appropriate to assess the client's equilibrium?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which cranial nerve is assessed by using the Snellen visual acuity chart?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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A nurse is assessing cranial nerve VIII.What tests will be administered on the client?

A patient is especially worried about an area of skin on her feet that has turned white.The health care provider has told her that her condition is vitiligo.The nurse explains to her that vitiligo is:

Which of the following is true in regards to hyperopia?

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A patient is especially worried about an area of skin on her feet that has turned white.
The health care provider has told her that her condition is vitiligo.
The nurse explains to her that vitiligo is: