A patient is especially worried about an area of skin on her feet that has turned white.
The health care provider has told her that her condition is vitiligo.
The nurse explains to her that vitiligo is:

Caused by the complete absence of melanin pigment.

Caused by an excess of apocrine glands in her feet.

Related to impetigo and can be treated with an ointment.

Caused by an excess of melanin pigment.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Vitiligo is a condition caused by the destruction or malfunction of melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin pigment. This leads to the development of white patches on the skin, as melanin is absent in these areas. Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition and can affect any part of the body, including the skin, hair, and mucous membranes.

Choice B rationale

Excess apocrine glands in the feet are not related to vitiligo. Apocrine glands are sweat glands found primarily in the underarm and genital areas and are responsible for the secretion of a thick, odorless fluid. Their overactivity does not result in the white patches seen in vitiligo.

Choice C rationale

Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection characterized by red sores, blisters, and crusting. It is not related to vitiligo and does not cause depigmentation. Impetigo is treated with antibiotics, whereas vitiligo requires different management strategies to address the loss of pigment.

Choice D rationale

Vitiligo is not caused by an excess of melanin pigment. Rather, it is the result of melanin loss or the absence of melanocytes in certain areas of the skin, leading to the characteristic white patches.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

5th ICS Left MCL is the location for the apical impulse (point of maximal impulse), not Erb's Point.

Choice B rationale

Erb's Point is located at the 3rd ICS Left SB and is significant for auscultation of heart sounds, particularly the S1 and S2 sounds.

Choice C rationale

2nd ICS Left SB is the location for auscultating the pulmonic valve area.

Choice D rationale

4th ICS Left SB is where the tricuspid valve is auscultated.

A. Myopia. B. Normal vision. C. Presbyopia. D. Hyperopia.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Myopia, or nearsightedness, is when distant objects appear blurry because light rays focus in front of the retina. A Snellen exam result of 20/50 means the client can see at 20 feet what someone with normal vision sees at 50 feet, indicating reduced distance vision. However, this condition does not correlate with the ability to read the Rosenbaum chart, which is for near vision, thus excluding myopia.

Choice B rationale

Normal vision is not indicated by a Snellen exam result of 20/50, as this signifies a visual impairment where the client sees at 20 feet what a person with normal vision sees at 50 feet. Normal vision would be indicated by 20/20 on the Snellen exam.

Choice C rationale

Presbyopia is the age-related loss of the eye's ability to focus on near objects, typically noticeable in people over 40. Although this condition involves difficulty reading at close range, the client's uncorrected Snellen exam result of 20/50 pertains to distance vision, which differentiates presbyopia from the given scenario.

Choice D rationale

Hyperopia, or farsightedness, is when close objects appear blurry because light rays focus behind the retina. The client's ability to read the Rosenbaum chart without difficulty indicates good near vision, while the Snellen exam result of 20/50 reflects reduced distance vision, thus supporting the diagnosis of hyperopia.

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A patient is especially worried about an area of skin on her feet that has turned white.The health care provider has told her that her condition is vitiligo.The nurse explains to her that vitiligo is:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The instructor asks the student nurse to auscultate the client's Erb's Point. Where is the cardiac landmark referred to as the Erb's Point located?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is reviewing a client's medical record with a documented Snellen exam of 20/50, uncorrected.Patient could read the Rosenbaum chart without difficulty.Based on this information, the client has:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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The nurse is speaking to the client and suspects a weakness in eye muscle after observing the eyes cross.What test should the nurse administer to further assess this problem?

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Which of the following is true in regards to hyperopia?

In performing a breast examination, the nurse knows that examining the upper outer quadrant of the breast is especially important.The reason for this is that the upper quadrant is:

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A patient is especially worried about an area of skin on her feet that has turned white.
The health care provider has told her that her condition is vitiligo.
The nurse explains to her that vitiligo is: