A patient is hospitalized with acute adrenal insufficiency. The nurse determines that the patient is responding favorably to treatment on finding:
Decreasing serum sodium
Decreasing blood glucose
Decreasing serum potassium
Increasing urinary output
The Correct Answer is D
One of the hallmarks of adrenal insufficiency is dehydration and decreased urinary output, which can lead to electrolyte imbalances such as hyperkalemia and hyponatremia. As treatment begins to take effect, the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance should improve, leading to an increase in urinary output. Acute adrenal insufficiency, also known as the Addisonian crisis, is a life-threatening condition caused by a sudden decrease in cortisol and aldosterone hormones. Treatment usually involves the administration of intravenous glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids to replace the deficient hormones.
Decreasing serum sodium (a) and decreasing blood glucose (b) are not signs of improvement but rather indicative of continued adrenal insufficiency. Decreasing serum potassium (c) is also not a sign of improvement as it could indicate that the patient is developing hyperkalemia, which is a potential complication of adrenal crisis.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is choicec. The cobalamin injections will prevent me from becoming anemic.
Choice A rationale:
Cobalamin (B12) injections do not increase hydrochloric acid production in the stomach.Chronic atrophic gastritis often leads to decreased production of hydrochloric acid due to the loss of parietal cells, but B12 injections do not reverse this condition.
Choice B rationale:
The need for cobalamin injections is typically lifelong in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis because the condition leads to a permanent loss of intrinsic factor, which is necessary for B12 absorption. The injections are not just until the stomach heals.
Choice C rationale:
Chronic atrophic gastritis can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency due to the loss of intrinsic factor, which is essential for B12 absorption.This deficiency can cause pernicious anemia, and B12 injections are necessary to prevent this condition.
Choice D rationale:
While chronic atrophic gastritis does increase the risk of stomach cancer, B12 injections are not specifically aimed at reducing this risk.The primary purpose of B12 injections is to prevent anemia.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from decreased insulin secretion and/or increased insulin resistance. In type 2 diabetes, the body's cells become resistant to insulin, which is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing glucose to enter cells for energy. As a result, the pancreas produces more insulin to compensate for the increased demand, but over time, the pancreas may not be able to keep up, and blood sugar levels rise.
Unlike type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, people with type 2 diabetes still produce insulin, but their body is not able to use it effectively. Therefore, type 2 diabetes can be managed through lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, and/or medication, such as oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin therapy.
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