A patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of frequent urination, excessive thirst, chronic fatigue, and mild confusion. Serum glucose is shown to be within normal limits. Which condition is described?
Diabetes mellitus
Underactive thyroid
Acute thyroiditis
Diabetes insipidus
The Correct Answer is D
Diabetes insipidus is a disorder of water balance caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or a resistance to its action. ADH regulates the reabsorption of water in the kidneys and prevents excessive urine output. Without enough ADH or with reduced sensitivity to it, the kidneys produce large amounts of diluted urine, leading to frequent urination and thirst. Chronic fatigue and mild confusion may result from dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Serum glucose is not affected by diabetes insipidus, unlike diabetes mellitus, which is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Spina bifida is a birth defect that occurs when the neural tube, which forms the brain and spinal cord, does not close properly during early fetal development. This can result in an opening in the spine that exposes the spinal cord and nerves, leading to various complications such as paralysis, bladder and bowel problems, hydrocephalus, and learning difficulties. Folic acid is a B vitamin that is essential for the formation of the neural tube and other organs in the embryo. Inadequate folic acid intake before and during pregnancy can increase the risk of spina bifida and other neural tube defects.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Acute appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch attached to the large intestine that has no known function. It can cause abdominal pain that usually starts around the navel and then shifts to the lower right quadrant, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, and constipation or diarrhea. The McBurney point is a spot located about two-thirds of the way from the navel to the right hip bone that is tender when pressed in patients with appendicitis. A CT scan can show signs of inflammation and enlargement of the appendix and rule out other causes of abdominal pain. Surgery (appendectomy) is the standard treatment for appendicitis to remove the inflamed appendix and prevent complications such as peritonitis (infection of the lining of the abdominal cavity) or abscess (collection of pus) formation.
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