A female patient presents with complaints of irregular periods, weakness, emotional changes, and easy bruising. The patient has previously been diagnosed with asthma. Upon physical examination, the patient has a "moon-shaped face and a noticeable hump on her upper back. Further, there are purple striae on both arms. Blood work reveals elevated concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Which condition is this patient showing signs and symptoms of?
Cushing syndrome
Addison disease.
Graves’ disease
Hashimoto thyroiditis
The Correct Answer is A
Cushing syndrome is a condition that occurs when the body is exposed to high levels of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Cortisol helps regulate metabolism, blood pressure, immune function, and stress response.
However, excess cortisol can cause various problems, such as weight gain, moon face (round and puffy face), buffalo hump (fat accumulation on the upper back), purple striae (stretch marks), irregular periods, weakness, emotional changes, and easy bruising. One of the causes of Cushing syndrome is the overproduction of ACTH by the pituitary gland, which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce more cortisol.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Acute appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch attached to the large intestine that has no known function. It can cause abdominal pain that usually starts around the navel and then shifts to the lower right quadrant, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, and constipation or diarrhea. The McBurney point is a spot located about two-thirds of the way from the navel to the right hip bone that is tender when pressed in patients with appendicitis. A CT scan can show signs of inflammation and enlargement of the appendix and rule out other causes of abdominal pain. Surgery (appendectomy) is the standard treatment for appendicitis to remove the inflamed appendix and prevent complications such as peritonitis (infection of the lining of the abdominal cavity) or abscess (collection of pus) formation.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
More H and HCO3 form, decreasing the blood's pH.
Rationale: Hypoventilation is a condition where the breathing rate is too slow or shallow, resulting in insufficient removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body. CO2 reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which can dissociate into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). Therefore, when CO2 accumulates in the blood due to hypoventilation, more H2CO3 is formed, which lowers the blood's pH by increasing the concentration of H+ and HCO3-.
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