A patient presents to the emergency department with reports of vomiting and diarrhea for the past 48 hours. The health care provider orders isotonic intravenous (IV) therapy. Which IV will the nurse prepare?

0.225% sodium chloride (1/4 NS)

0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 NS)

0.9% sodium chloride (NS)

3% sodium chloride (3% NaCl)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. 0.225% sodium chloride (1/4 NS): This hypotonic solution can shift fluids into cells but is not ideal for isotonic therapy. It may cause fluid imbalance and not restore extracellular fluid balance effectively in vomiting and diarrhea.

B. 0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 NS): This is another hypotonic solution that may cause fluid shifts into the cells. It is not isotonic, making it less appropriate for fluid replacement in this case.

C. 0.9% sodium chloride (NS): Normal saline is an isotonic solution that closely matches the osmolality of body fluids. It is the best choice to replace extracellular fluid lost from vomiting and diarrhea.

D. 3% sodium chloride (3% NaCl): This hypertonic solution is used for severe hyponatremia and shifts fluids out of cells. It is inappropriate for fluid replacement in vomiting and diarrhea, as it could lead to fluid overload.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

A. Never give KCI intramuscularly (IM) or as an IV bolus: Potassium chloride (KCl) should never be administered via IM injection or as an IV bolus. Both methods can cause severe irritation, tissue necrosis, and cardiac complications. Potassium should be given slowly and diluted to prevent these risks.

B. Always dilute potassium chloride in a large amount of IV solution: Potassium chloride must always be diluted when administered IV to prevent vein irritation and reduce the risk of hyperkalemia. It should be given in a large volume of fluid to ensure safe, slow infusion.

C. Never administer more than 40 mEq/L of IV potassium chloride (KCl) per hour: While the general recommendation is to limit the infusion rate to 10-20 mEq/hour for most patients, in certain situations, doses higher than 40 mEq/L per hour might be prescribed under close monitoring depending on the specific clinical situation.

D. Monitor the IV site frequently for early signs of infiltration, as potassium is caustic to the tissues: Potassium chloride is irritating to veins and tissues. If the IV infiltrates (leaks into the surrounding tissue), it can cause significant tissue damage, so frequent monitoring of the IV site is essential.

A. regulating cardiac enzymes B. maintaining normal nerve and muscle activity C. regulating kidney function D. stimulating the excretion or retention of chloride

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Regulating cardiac enzymes: Potassium does not directly regulate cardiac enzymes. Its influence on the heart is more about maintaining the electrical potential across cell membranes, which is crucial for the heart's rhythm and contractility.

B. Maintaining normal nerve and muscle activity: Potassium is crucial for maintaining normal nerve and muscle function. It helps generate electrical impulses in cells, particularly in muscles and nerves, including the heart muscle.

C. Regulating kidney function: While potassium levels are regulated by the kidneys, potassium itself does not regulate kidney function. The kidneys help maintain potassium balance in the body by excreting or conserving it.

D. Stimulating the excretion or retention of chloride: Potassium does not regulate chloride excretion or retention.The excretion or retention of chloride is often linked to the movement of sodium and other ions to maintain electrical neutrality and fluid balance.

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A patient presents to the emergency department with reports of vomiting and diarrhea for the past 48 hours. The health care provider orders isotonic intravenous (IV) therapy. Which IV will the nurse prepare?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

When administering potassium chloride, which of following safety precautions must be observed? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

What is a major function of potassium within the body?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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