A nurse is caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and documents that the client is experiencing Kussmaul respirations. Based on this documentation, which of the following did the nurse most likely observe?

respirations that are labored, and decreased in depth and rate

respirations that are abnormally deep, regular and increased in rate

respirations that are regular but abnormally slow

respirations that cease for several seconds

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Rationale:
A. Labored and decreased respirations do not describe Kussmaul breathing.
B. Kussmaul respirations are characterized by deep, rapid, and regular breathing as the body attempts to blow off CO₂ to compensate for metabolic acidosis in DKA.
C. Slow respirations are not characteristic of Kussmaul breathing.
D. Respirations that cease are apnea, unrelated to Kussmaul respirations.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:

A. TUMS (calcium carbonate) is an alkaline antacid. Excessive use can lead to increased bicarbonate levels in the blood, causing metabolic alkalosis, especially when used to neutralize gastric acid frequently.

B. Metabolic acidosis would be more likely with diarrhea, renal failure, or overuse of acidic substances, not antacids.

C. Respiratory acidosis is caused by hypoventilation and CO₂ retention, such as in chronic lung disease, not by taking antacids.

D. Respiratory alkalosis is associated with hyperventilation, anxiety, or high altitude—not relevant to antacid use.

A. prevent the effects of elevated potassium on the cardiac muscle B. treat hyperkalemia C. treat hyponatremia D. manage metabolic acidosis

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:
A. While sodium bicarbonate can help mitigate some cardiac effects of hyperkalemia, this is not its primary indication.
B. Sodium bicarbonate may be used as an adjunct in hyperkalemia but not as a direct treatment.
C. Sodium bicarbonate does not treat hyponatremia.
D. Sodium bicarbonate is primarily used to neutralize excess acid in the blood and manage metabolic acidosis by increasing blood pH.

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A nurse is caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and documents that the client is experiencing Kussmaul respirations. Based on this documentation, which of the following did the nurse most likely observe?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The physician has ordered 1 amp of sodium bicarbonate to be added to the client's IVF. The parents of the client want to know what this drug is used for. The student nurse tells the parents that this is commonly given to:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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