A patient presents with generalized bone pain and muscle weakness. Lab tests reveal low levels of calcium and phosphate. Which condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Paget's disease
Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis
The Correct Answer is C
A. Rheumatoid arthritis: This is an autoimmune disorder primarily causing joint inflammation (synovitis), pain, and stiffness. While it affects the skeletal system, it does not typically present with the specific metabolic profile of low calcium and phosphate levels.
B. Paget's disease: This condition involves excessive and disorganized bone remodeling. Lab results for Paget's disease typically show very high levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), but calcium and phosphate levels usually remain normal.
C. Osteomalacia: Osteomalacia is the softening of the bones caused by defective bone mineralization, often due to Vitamin D deficiency. Without Vitamin D, the body cannot absorb calcium and phosphate effectively, leading to low serum levels of both. This results in the classic symptoms of deep bone pain and proximal muscle weakness.
D. Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is a decrease in bone mass (density) that increases fracture risk. Crucially, in uncomplicated osteoporosis, blood calcium and phosphate levels are typically normal. It is a "silent" disease often without pain until a fracture occurs.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. By regulating body temperature through sweat and blood flow:The skin (integument) plays a vital role in thermoregulation. When the body is hot, sweat glands release sweat (evaporative cooling) and blood vessels dilate (vasodilation) to release heat. When cold, vessels constrict (vasoconstriction) to retain heat.
B. By producing digestive enzymes:The production of digestive enzymes is the function of the digestive system organs, such as the stomach and pancreas.
C. By storing nutrients and minerals:While the skin synthesizes Vitamin D, the primary storage sites for nutrients and minerals are the liver (vitamins/glycogen) and bones (calcium/phosphorus).
D. By filtering blood to remove waste products:Filtration of blood to remove metabolic waste is the primary function of the urinary system (kidneys).
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Skeletal muscle: Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and controlled voluntarily through the somatic nervous system. It enables walking, lifting, posture, and other conscious movements.
B. Cardiac muscle: Found only in the heart; it is involuntary and controlled by autonomic and intrinsic conduction systems.
C. Smooth muscle: Involuntary muscle found in the GI tract, blood vessels, and bronchi. It controls peristalsis, vasoconstriction, and other automatic functions.
D. Nervous tissue: Not a type of muscle. It transmits electrical impulses and is not responsible for movement.
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